Business Analysis Of Zara, The Leading And The Profitable...

1. Executive Summary This case paper presents the business analysis of Zara, the leading and the profitable brand of Inditex. The case paper’s objective is to discuss whether to update the current DOS/IT infrastructure and evaluate the effects of the upgrade. It presents the IS implementation opportunities and evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation. It concludes by providing recommendations for updating the current OS along with its advantages. The approach to analysis includes looking into the current supply chain processes and exploring the IT capabilities within Zara and proposing an Information Systems plan to enhance the process efficiency within Zara. The analysis reveals a significant but limited use of IT infrastructure in Zara to support several of its key business functions. It also exposes the need to upgrade the current IT infrastructure for sustaining the competitive advantage. The report reveals that though the current IT infrastructure has supported several of Zara’s key business functions but as the company continues to grow there would be a significant pressure on its IT infrastructure to provide sustained benefits in the long term. The recommended solutions include: ïÆ'Ëœ Implementing transaction processing systems and management information systems to facilitate analysis and decision making process. ïÆ'Ëœ Use of centralized architecture for better coordination and cooperation amongst business functions. ïÆ'Ëœ Leveraging use of intranet and extranet withinShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Zara Business Model2190 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Zara is the most popular and profitable brand of Inditex SA, the world’s largest retail group. The first Zara store was launched in 1975 in La Coruà ±a, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. In the beginning the store was named Zobra, but after a while the founder and CEO Amansio Ortega has renamed it to ZARA. The first international Zara store was opened in 1988 in Oporto, Portugal. Since then Zara has expanded its operations intoRead MoreEssay on Zara14845 Words   |  60 PagesSTRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PAPER ZARA Created By: Anggita Sulisetiasih 1006718706 Kenji Wibawa Junardy 1006718990 Patricia M. A. Adam 1006805694 International Undergraduate Program Faculty of Economics University of Indonesia Depok 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 4 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1. Company Background 4 1.2. Vision and Mission 4 1.3. Long-term Objectives 5 Chapter 2 6 VISION – MISSION ANALYSIS 6 2.1. Importance (Benefits) of Vision and Mission Statements 6 Read MoreZar Fast Fashion : Resource Based View1502 Words   |  7 PagesSTRATEGIC MANAGEMENT â€Å"ZARA: Fast fashion - Resource-Based View† Introduction Resource-Based Theory has been one among the prevailing theories in strategic management (Acedo, Barroso Galan, 2006). As the father of the modern Resource-Based View (RBV), Barney (1991) explored that RBV underlines strategic choice, challenging the organization s management with the essential tasks of identifying and deploying main resources to maximize returns. Correspondingly, Rothaermel (2012:05) defined thatRead MoreZara s Supply Chain Management3096 Words   |  13 Pageschain of Zara 6 - Rules of fashion supply chain management system 7 - The value chain of Zara 8 - Zara information system strategy 8 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 References 10 Abstract This paper presents the unique supply chain management (SCM) system of Spanish garments retailer Zara, the leading and the profitable brand of Inditex group, which empowered to achieve competitive advantage over other fashion retailers in the world. Zara s verticallyRead MoreZaras Supply Chain Managment Essay4787 Words   |  20 PagesZara: IT for Fast Fashion | Individual Case Essay | | BUS 510 Management Information Systems Dr. Y. K. Mortagy | | Mengyang Chen | Fall 2012 | | Table of Contents Abstract 3 Case Summary 4 Business Analysis 5 Generic Strategy 5 Five Forces 7 Value Chain Analysis 9 Implementations of Porter Models 10 Solution Evaluation 11 Cost analysis 12 Benefit Analysis 13 Conclusion and Recommendations 16 References 17 Appendix 18 Exhibit 1 18 ExhibitRead MoreEssay on Zara Fast Fashion Case Study Solution4745 Words   |  19 Pagesfrom the financial point of view. Hamp;M differs from Zara because it outsources all of the production, it is more price oriented and spends more money on advertising. But both companies are based in Europe, are fashion forward at lower price retailers, and have a strong international expansion strategy. Exhibit 6 indicates that the financial results of Inditex and Hamp;M seem to be very comparable. However, a closer analysis reveals that Inditex has enjoyed a competitive advantage in operating metricsRead MoreZara Fashion3014 Words   |  13 PagesStrategic Operation Management Assignment Zara fashion Zara is a clothing and accessories retailer selling stylish apparel at affordable prices, and it is also the most profitable brand of the Spanish clothing retail group Inditex SA. Ortega planned for this new Zara outlet, located near his factory in La Coruna in northern Spain, to sell this overstock merchandise himself. Since then, Zara has expanded into 500 stores in 68 countries as of January 2007 and has become a leader in customizedRead MoreZara Business Case15365 Words   |  62 Pages2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JOSÉ LUIS NUENO ZARA: Fast Fashion Fashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation. . . . The more an article becomes subject to rapid changes of fashion, the greater the demand for cheap products of its kind. — Georg Simmel, â€Å"Fashion† (1904) Inditex (Industria de Diseà ±o Textil) of Spain, the owner of Zara and five other apparel retailing chains, continued a trajectory of rapid, profitable growth by posting net income of â‚ ¬ 340 millionRead MoreZara Five Forces Analysis5583 Words   |  23 PagesThe role of market orientation on company performance through the development of sustainable competitive advantage: the Inditex-Zara case Andres Mazaira  University of Vigo, Oureuse, Spain E. Gonzalez  University of Vigo, Oureuse, Spain Ruth Avendano Ä University of Vigo, Oureuse, Spain Keywords Market orientation, Competitive advantage, Clothing industry, Organizational culture Abstract This paper has been developed as a part of research seeking to verify the effects of organisationalRead MoreZara Marketing Case Study Analysis2876 Words   |  12 PagesZara Marketing Case Study Analysis: Design amp; Development of Integrated Communication Plan for Zara Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis Overview: Introduction   Zara, the world’s biggest retail chain store of Inditex Group was founded by Amancio Ortega in Spain in the year 1975. The most profitable brand of Inditex is headquartered in La Coruna in Spain. The group has global presence in all the continents Asia, Europe, Australia, America and Africa. The business model of Zara is completely based

Plagiarism Is Not The Right Way - 903 Words

Plagiarism has been around for a long time, nowadays it’s easier to tell if someone plagiarizes. Plagiarism is not the way to go it is not worth the risk and definitely has it consequences. Plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the thoughts of another author without authorization and passing it as your own (Dictionary.com). Plagiarism is the work of those who are not willing to put in the time and effort it takes to write original content. Which can be a form of cheating which is not respectable and not good for the educating process at all. Instead of learning the material and doing the research and required procedures for the assignment. Those who plagiarize are cheating themselves in the long run, because they are not really learning the information required for their class. Educators intend for students to complete the material provided and trust them to complete their work the right way. I think we can all agree that writing an essay isn’t the most exciting thing to do, it takes a lot of thought and effort. However completing an essay can be a very rewarding feeling. Knowing you worked hard researching and taking the time to produce some good quality material can be motivating. Unfortunately those who choose plagiarism prefer to take an easier route thinking they will not get caught. Taking someone else’s hard work and submitting it as their own is not right. In the end the consequences for choosing plagiarism is not worth it. Why do they doShow MoreRelatedEssay On Plagiarism946 Words   |  4 PagesRenee Hannon Professor Melena Prinzing CIS 50 21 September 2017 Plagiarism in College Work Plagiarism takes various forms. A student may cheat doing something as extreme as purchasing a paper, hiring someone to write a paper or turning in a paper freely provided by a friend. Many students unknowingly commit Plagiarism by failing to properly cite their sources crediting the authors. Still others cite, but plagiarize by coping much too much and writing far, far too little of their own synthesizedRead MoreEssay On Plagiarism1306 Words   |  6 PagesBenjmain Bell Professor Malena Prinzing CIS 50 21 September 2017 Plagiarism in College Work Plagiarism takes various forms. A student may plagiarize doing something as extreme as purchasing a paper, hiring someone to write a paper or turning in a paper freely provided by a friend. Many students unknowingly commit Plagiarism by failing to properly cite their sources crediting the authors. Still others cite, but plagiarize by copying much too much and writing far, far too little of their own synthesizedRead More Plagiarism Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism For many, many years schools have been trying to stop students from plagiarizing materials. Detecting this plagiarism used to be easy because students only had access to books in the library, magazines, and encyclopedias. However, as the popularity of the Internet increased, so did the number of essays and papers being plagiarized. Students can easily go onto the internet and in no time at all find and essay on their topic of choice. For a certain fee they can buy the essay andRead More Plagiarism and the Internet Essay603 Words   |  3 Pages Plagiarism and the Internet Plagiarism is a major problem in colleges around the world. In a study by the Psychological Record, it was found that at least thirty six percent of undergraduates have confessed to plagiarism (Statistics, 1). Plagiarism is the unethical act of stealing ideas, thoughts, and feelings from others without giving the author proper credit. Today, it has become such a serious issue that there are resources available for teachers to identify plagiarism andRead MoreThe Effects Of Plagiarism1143 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism hinders intellectual advancement. The problems of plagiarism have been discussed for hundreds of years. With technologies, plagiarism becomes a fairly common practice in recent years. Plagiarism is actually recognized as a dishonest act from the 18th century when the original literature takes on more value within society. Readers want to read new creations of ideas and words from writers instead of seeing them polish the writings that have already been e mitted. Writers are able at thisRead MorePlagiarism in Research Writing Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism comes about when a person uses words or ideas from another person’s work but fails to credit the source of the ideas or words. Scholarly work of any nature mainly requires the writing of dissertations, treatises or term papers in the world of academia. Students in institutions of higher learning, as part of the course work, carry out research and present their results in the form of dissertations or term papers. The assignments’ formatting usually follows standards namely the AmericanRead MorePlagiarism : An Ethical Issue1161 Words   |  5 Pages(â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?). When one plagiarizes, they use someone else’s work and present it as their own (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?†). It’s a very serious offense and plagiarizing can result in serious academic offenses. Plagiarizing is easy to prevent if you familiarize yourself with how to cite properly. Plagiarizing is a very ethical issue for the fact that your copying someone’s work and not giving them the credit for it. According to Krishnamoorthy, copyrightmatters.in website explains: Plagiarism is primarilyRead MorePlagiarism And Its Effects On Students862 Words   |  4 Pagesschool. Online education also opened up the doors for new ways of cheating. Plagiarism is defined as theft of ideas or work from others (Council of Writing Program Administrators, 2003). This can happen either accidentally or consciously. Higher education institutions now prioritize on educating the students on plagiarism to prevent it from happening. Institutions also set penalties when dishonesty occurs. The students’ understanding of plagiarism is critical in averting accidental or conscious cheatingRead MoreCOLL100 QUIZ 21491 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1 of 20 0.5/ 0.5 Points What is the location of the page number on any APA formatted page?   A.Top right hand side of the paper and in the header.   B.Top left hand side of the paper and in the header.   C.Bottom right hand side of the paper and in the footer.   D.Bottom left hand side of the paper and in the footer. Question 2 of 20 0.5/ 0.5 Points If the copyright date of a source is not provided then you should   A.simply not include the date in either the reference or citation. Read MoreThe World Association Of Medical Editors1412 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism according to oxford dictionary in 1621 was derived from a latin word â€Å"plagiarius† which means â€Å"kidnapper† or abducting .Plagiarism as defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica as â€Å" the act of taking another person’s writing and passing them off as one’s own† without giving credit to the original author (Jawad. F, 2013). The world Association of Medical Editors (WAME) defines plagiarism as â€Å"the use of others published and unpublished ideas or words without attribution or permission and presenting

Marketing Plan in South East Asia

Question: Describe about the Marketing Plan in South East Asia. Answer: 1.0 Introduction: In the era of globalization, the competition intensity has immensely increased in the market. It has become much sturdy for the business organizations to run the business effectively in the market (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick 2012). Dissimilar business organizations are selling unusual kind of commodities and services to increase their market sales as well as position. This also helps the company to grab the attention of the customers in the market. Additionally, it has been also found that the selection (choice) and preferences of the consumers are also quickly altering with time. Due to this, the sales rate of the creation and services- is speedily declining in the regional marketplace. The other existing business organizations are using special kinds of strategies and techniques to promote the goods and services among the targeted consumers in the market (Homburg et al. 2013). Almost for every big business, organizationpromotion plays the most imperative role. De Mooij (2013) put forward that effective marketing helps the big business organization to amplify the sales as well as the market share of the company in the market. Nevertheless, due to the increase in the competition level, the business organizations are unable to maintain the sales rate in the marketplace. In order to increase the sales of the product and services, the business organization need to implement new marketing plan and framework in the business organization. Through this valuable advancement, the business organization can effortlessly attract both the existing and new-targeted consumers in the market. This study is based on Procter and Gamble. PG is considered as one of the renowned household companies (pgcareers.com, 2016). The company sells its goods and services in more than 180 countries (pgcareers.com, 2016). The company maintains a large chain business in the global market (pgcareers.com, 2016). For this market analysis the manager has mainly chosen tide. In the current days the traditional way of marketing has totally faded away with the advent of time. In current scenario, it has found that in Singapore PG is facing a huge down turn in selling Tide in the market. 1.1 Background of the company: Tide is a detergent, manufactured by Procter and Gamble in the market. The company mainly manufactures goods and services in both the national as well as the international market. Tide was introduced in the market in 1980s. Within a short span of time, tide has gained huge selling rate in the market (Hartley and Claycomb 2013). The market survey also highlights that compared to the other existing brands Tide is much costlier in the market. In Singapore, tide was considered as one of the useful product, which the company used to sell in the market (Pride and Ferrell 2016). Problems facing by the company: However, in the recent days the selling rate has drastically declined in the Singapore market (Demetriou 2015). The marketing strategies which the company is using are not that powerful and effective to magnetize a large amount of consumers in the market. Consequentially, the market share and the sales velocity of the company has affected in the global market. Objectives of the company: The main objectives of the business organization are: To effectively develop the existing product and services in the new market To increase the sales rate as well as the production rate 2.1 Situational analysis: Marketing audit is much advantageous for the accomplishment of the business organization (Hartley and Claycomb 2013).With the progression of time, the marketing trends and approaches are drastically changing in the market. Sometimes, it becomes difficult for the business organization to understand and identify the trends and the opportunities.For every business organization, it has become much important to analyze the market scenario for developing the business in the global market (Terpstra et al. 2012). In order to analyze the exact scenario, the regional marketing manager has mainly focused on the marketing audit. Boone and Kurtz (2013) commented that the marketing audit is an effective approach by which the business organization can easily analyze and review every marketing operations of the business organization. Boone and Kurtz (2013) put forward that through this successful system, the business organization can easily achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Additionally, marketing audit also helps the business organization understand and evaluate every business activity and operation of the business organization. The marketing audit also helps to assess the policies and the effective strategies of the company. Through this effective analysis, the business organization can also easily identify their strength, weaknesses, defects as well as opportunity (SWOT analysis) (Christopher et al. 2013). Additionally, it also helps the company to measure the exact situation and implement strategies to overcome it. Through marketing audit, the business organization can mainly assess the internal as well as external marketing situation (Armstrong et al. 2014). Nevertheless, it also helps to analyze the current marketing strategies used by the company. In the case of Procter and Gamble, in the last few years the corporation is facing a huge downturn in the Singapore market(Fill and Turnbull 2016). The sale rate of tide detergent has severely declined in the market. This has directly created an impact on the market share of the company (Fahy and Jobber 2012). Here the manager has found that the marketing activities and operation, which the company performs, is ineffectively managed by the business organization. The strategies which the company is presently using in the Singapore market is not that much effective (Mullins et al. 2012).Presently, the regulars consumers are switching from one product to the other (De Mooij 2013). Due to technological advancement the choice and demand of the consumers has drastically changed in the market. So, it has become much tough for PG to maintain the sales rate of Tide in the market. Here the main strength of the company that it sells the product with good quality to the targeted customers in the market (Bejou and Palmer 2013). Apart from this, the product has a huge recognition among the customers (Fahy and Jobber 2012). As per the market survey, presently Tide is facing a hard-hitting competition from the other existing detergents in the Singapore market like like Rin, Persil and Uniliver Purex (Peck et al. 2013). Additionally, the rival companiesis also selling same the product and services at same rate in the market. Due to this reason, it has become difficult for the company to create a distinct position among the targeted customers in the market. Nevertheless, the competitors like Rin, Persil and Uniliver Purex are using effective promotional strategies and techniques in order to boost the sales of the manufactured goods and services in the marketplace (Hill 2015). However, the promotional strategies of the other companies are somehow affecting the brand image of the PG in the market (O'shaughnessy 2014). In order to overcome this drastic and unmanageable situation, the regional marketing manager has decided to launch and expand the product in the new market with new marketing goals and objectives. Here the regional marketing manager has decided to develop the product in the Malaysian market as well as in the other countries of South East Asia. By launching the product in the new market, PG is trying to enhance the sales rate as well as the market share of the company in the global market. On the other hand, this will also help the company to grab the attention of both the existing as well as new customers in the market. The Malaysian market is considered as one of the largest market for developing the business and its operation in the market (Hartley and Claycomb 2013). By grabbing this opportunity, PG can easily expand the product cycle in the new market (Shimp and Andrews 2013). For increasing the production in the new market, the corporation has incorporate new and valuable strategies in the market. As per the internal and the external environment, PG has adopted the strategies within the business operation performed by the organization. Moreover, as per the political and the economical situation of Malaysia, the business organization needs to incorporate the marketing plan and strategies in the market (Malhotra et al. 2013). This analysis will help the association effectively build up the business in the market.With the increase in the production level, the business organization can easily enhance its sales as well as the market share in the global market. 3.1 Marketing objectives: In order to develop the business and enhance the sales rate of Tide in the new market, the regional marketing manager has developed and framed certain marketing objectives for PG. The main marketing objective of the business organization is to expand effectively the product life cycle of Tide in the new Malaysian as well as South East Asia markets. In order to overcome the situation, the company is also aiming to enhance the market distribution as well as sales tempo of the company in the marketplace. The company needs to use effective promotional techniques to develop the product in the viable market. On the other, the company is also trying to widen the business in other parts of the country. PG is also focusing to increase the brand awareness among the targeted customers in the market. Moreover, the company is also trying to develop the relationship with the stakeholders of the company. As per the customers choice and preferences, the company is trying to encourage the product and services in the new marketplace. As per the marketing objectives, the business organization also needs to incorporate successful strategies and techniques within the organization. 4.1 Marketing theories and models: In order to expand the big business in the market, the business organization needs to incorporate valuable theories, techniques and framework within the organization. 4.1.1 Marketing mix: Chari et al. (2013) commented that the marketing mix or mix marketing is considered as one of the effective marketing tool. There are mainly seven Ps of marketing, which will help PG to extend the business effectively in the new market. The seven Ps are namely product, price, promotion, place, physical evidence, people and process. Figure: Marketing Mix Product is basically the item which the business organization launches in order to meet the needs and the satisfaction level of the consumers in the market (Lorette 2014). In this particular case, it has found that the PG is going to launch an existing product and services in the new market in order to amplify the sales as well as the market share of the company in the marketplace. The market situation and trends highlights, pricing are fixed for a particular product and services in the market (Bejou and Palmer 2013). As the company is launching the product in a new market, so the business association needs to keep the price of the tide detergent average in the market.This will additionally help the corporation to attract large amount of regular consumersin the market. In order to increase the sales rate of the tide detergent, the corporation needs use unique promotional strategies to grab the concentration of large targeted consumers in the market. East et al. (2013) commented that through this effectual initiative, the business association can easily influence the purchasing behavior of the customers in the marketplace. In order to enhance sales, the company also needs to manufacture the product in different places of one particular area (Fahy and Jobber 2012). In addition, it will also help the customers to collect the goods and services from the nearest stores. The connivance (physical evidence) of the customers, the company needs to sell the creation and services in the market. This will help the corporation to enhance the market as well as sales of the product in the marketplace (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Before launching the new product and services in the market, the big business organization needs to assess the choice and preferences of the patrons(people) in the market. This will help the company to put into practiceuseful strategies to attract the customers from the new market (Ryan 2014). Fill and Turnbull (2016) commented that by implementing effective process, the business organization could easily manage and operate every operation and activity effectively in the market. This will additionally help PG to grow the business in the accurate way in the new market. 4.1.2 Ansoff matrix: The Ansoff matrix is an effective planning tool, which provides an effective framework to the business organization (Ryan 2014). This framework helps the company to incorporate proper strategies for developing the business in the future. Hill (2015) put forward that Ansoff matrix mainly deals with four major elements namely market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. Figure: Ansoff Matrix To enter the new Malaysian market, the business organization needs to incorporate effective strategies to place the product and services effectively in the marketplace. This will help the corporation to magnetize the large amount of regular consumers in the market. By using unique techniques and procedure, the business organization needs develop the position of the product in the market (Demetriou 2015). By incorporating proper promotional strategies the business organization can easily create awareness product among the targeted customers in the market. This will help the corporation to develop the new product in the market. Moreover, it will also help to attract both the new as well as the accessible customers in the market. In order to increase the sales of the Tide detergent, the business organization needs to diversify the product and services in the market. It will also help the corporation to deliver the manufactured goods to the individual consumers in the market. On the other hand, it will also help PG to amplify the sales as well as the market share of the company in the competitive market. 4.1.3 AIDA model: In the present scenario, it has become difficult to retain the customers in the market. With the availability of the product and services, the choices of the customers are rapidly changing in the market (Boone and Kurtz 2013). AIDA is an effective tool for marketing. Nevertheless, in this competitive market it has become much tough for the organization to grab attention of a large amount of customers in the market. AIDA mainly deals with four components namely attention, interest, desire and action (Murdy and Pike 2012). Figure: AIDA Model In order to increase the sales rate of Tide detergent in the Malaysian market, PG needs to incorporate this particular model. By using effective promotional tools and strategies, the organization can easily create awareness among the targeted regulars in the market (Lorette 2014). This will directly help the corporation to improve the sales of the product services in the market. On the other, by using unique strategies the company needs to grow the interest of the customers towards the new product (Tide). The regional manager can use effective promotional activities to grow the interest and the purchasing behavior of the targeted buyers in the market. It somehow influences the purchasing performance of the customers in the market. The market scenario and the trends showcase that the business association needs to espouse marketing strategies in the organization. It influences the customers to purchase the Tide compared to the other existing creation and services in the market. This influences the customers to take effectual actions to acquire the product and services from the market. Additionally it helps the company to raise the sales as well as the market share of the product in the market. 4.1.4 Portersfive forces: Before increasing the business in the new market, the big business organization wishes to focus much more on the industry. In order to analyze the exact market situation the business organization needs to focus on the porters five forces. There are mainly five forces namely, threats of new entrants , threats of the substitute, bargaining power of the buyers, bargaining power of the suppliers and the industry rivalry (Shimp and Andrews 2013). Presently, the regional manager has found that there are several other companies, which are entering in the Malaysian market to extend the business in the market (O'shaughnessy 2014). As per the new product launch, the customers are rapidly switching from one product to the other (Rin, Persil and Uniliver Purex) in the market. In the case of PG, the bargaining power of the customers is much dominating. The customers are not that satisfied with the quality of the product and services, thus they easily switch over from one brand to the other. Nevertheless, the bargaining power of the suppliers is less compared to the power of the buyers. From the market survey the manager has found that the rivalry company of PG is Johnson Johnson, Uniliver and Kimberly-Clark Corporation. The marketing scenario also highlights that the company needs to incorporate strategies and marketing plan within the business organization. 4.1.5 Marketing framework: Figure: Marketing framework Here Shimp and Andrews (2013) has put forward that before launching the manufactured goods in the market, the business organization needs to develop the organizational goals and objectives. Moreover, by keeping in mind the organizational goal, PG needs to incorporate effective strategies within the organization. It will help to manage every operation in the proper way. In the current situation, the organization also needs to identify the targeted customers in the marketplace. In order to grab the attention of the customers, the company also wants to offer special discounts to the customers. By implementing new strategies, the company can easily develop the brand image among the targeted customers in the market. In order to grab the attention of the buyers, proper medium should be used in order to reach the targeted customers at the accurate time and place. Nevertheless, the company also needs to adopt marketing strategies to boost the sales of the existing creation in the new market. The achievement and the breakdown of the business organization are exclusively depends on the marketing strategies and the technique implemented by the company in the market (Pride and Ferrell 2016). The Malaysian market is considered as one of the largest for developing the business and the market share (Pride and Ferrell 2016.). 5.1 Marketing strategies and programs: Here the regional manager has found that the marketing trends are constantly changing with the change in the demand and the choices of the targeted regulars in the market. The customers have become much conscious and aware of the marketing trends and the approaches in the market. The customers also have sufficient knowledge about the new media marketing trends in the market. By analyzing the market analysis, PG needs to develop new marketing plan for expanding the business in the new market. Effective marketing strategies help the business organization to mature and enlarge the business in the cutthroat market (Clancy et al. 2013). In order to enhance the sales of the tide detergent, the big business organization needs to conduct effective awareness programs to achieve a large number of targeted patrons in the marketplace. This will help the business organization to directly influence the purchasing behavior of the customers in the market. Effective marketing helps to increase brand awareness in the market (Shimp and Andrews, 2013). This helps the business association to acquire unique position in the viable market. Through this helpful approach, the big business organization can easily increase the sales of the existing product in the new market. Marketing strategies: Word of mouth marketing: The market process has drastically changed in these days. The word of mouth is considered as the most effective marketing strategy (Bejou and Palmer 2013). By focusing more on this strategy, the business organization can easily create awareness among the new-targeted customers in Malaysia and South East Asia. Additionally, the word of mouth marketing also influences the buying behavior of the consumers in the market. This will directly help PG to improve the sales of the Tide detergent in the market. Viral marketing: By using effective ways, the business organization constantly delivers creative ideas to capture the interest of the large targeted consumers in the market (Wirtz et al. 2014). However, it helps the company to retain the customers in the market. In comparing with the present scenario, the viral marketing also helps the organization to acquire a unique position in the minds of the customers. PG needs to focus on this marketing strategy so that it can easily get in touch with the large amount of consumers in the market. Nevertheless, this marketing helps the business organization to gain additional benefit compared to the other existing companies in the market. Online marketing: In the current situation most of the business organization gives much preferences on the online marketing. Online marketing is generally considered as the modern marketing. This is generally done with the help of internet. By using simple strategies, PG can easily create awareness among the customers in the market. Direct marketing: In order to get success in the competitive marketplace, the big business organization needs to focus on advertising as well as marketing. These are the two main effective tools by which the business organization can grab the attention of the existing and the new customers in the market. Direct marketing can be done through various ways for example the company can reach the customer directly for door-to-door selling or distributing the sample of the product in the market. Through this effective advancement, the business organization can reach the customers directly in the competitive market (Carola and Money 2015). As this is a new market, PG also needs to incorporate strategies for direct marketing. Social media marketing: In the 21st century, the social media advertising is considered a one of the fastest and effective marketing tool (Murdy and Pike 2012). It has been found that in the present scenario, the common mass is much inclined towards the social media marketing. So in order to enhance the sales rate of Tide detergent PG needs to focus on the social media-marketing tool. Through this, the business organization can reach large amount of consumers at any time (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The social media marketing is mainly done through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn. Promotional marketing: In order to grab the attention of the customers, the big business organization needs to conduct promotional activities to manipulate the buying actions of the consumers in the market. Additionally, through this approach the business organization can also gain additional benefit in the market. Demetriou (2015) put forward that by arranging various contests and distributing coupons, PG can easily manipulate the purchasing behavior of the targeted regulars in the marketplace. 6.1 Marketing monitor and control: In order to expand the selling more vastly in the new marketplace, the business association needs to effectively monitor and control every business operation and activities of the organization. Through this initiative, PG can easily grab different marketing opportunities. With the span of time, different business organizations are using different kinds of tactics to retain the targeted consumers in the market. Moreover, as per the marketing trends, the business organization also needs to incorporate new strategies in order to maintain and hold the position in the Malaysian and South East Asia market. The achievement and the breakdown of the business organization is directly depend on the how the organization can effectively manage every activity in the competitive market. The market situation showcase that PG also need to balance and control every operations and activities of the organization. On the other hand, it has been also found that for performing the activities the business organization needs to incorporate new strategies and techniques within the company (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2012). Nevertheless, the business organization also needs to give much emphasis on the actual need and preferences of the patrons in order to develop the industry in the new market. As per the feedback of the customers, the business association needs to put into operation the changes in the organization. Moreover, by taking effective measure and actions the business organization can easily control all the activities and operations in the market. 7.1Conclusion and Recommendation: From this study, it can be concluded that the presently due to declining share market the business organization is trying to enlarge the selling in the new market (Malaysia and South East Asia). In order to inflate and widen the commerce in the market, the big business organization needs to implement effective marking plan as well as marketing strategies and techniques for raising the business in the market. However, there are several rivals of PG in the global market, which are giving tough competition to the company. As the new market trend, the business organization needs to grow the production in the marketplace. This will help the corporation to overcome downturn of the product line in the market. Recommendation: Need to focus on the current marketing trend Need to focus on the pricing strategy Implementation of the effective strategies and techniques Value creation through brand awareness Need to give importance on the customer feedback Reference list: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bejou, D. and Palmer, A., 2013.The future of relationship marketing. Routledge. Boone, L. and Kurtz, D., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage Learning. Carola, H. and Money, K., 2015. Responsible Marketing Strategies: New Challenges and Opportunities. InProceedings of the 2008 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 84-84). Springer International Publishing. Chari, S., Katsikeas, C.S., Balabanis, G. and Robson, M.J., 2014. Emergent marketing strategies and performance: the effects of market uncertainty and strategic feedback systems.British Journal of Management,25(2), pp.145-165. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Clancy, K.J., Berger, P.D. and Krieg, P., 2013. Problems with derived importance measures in brand strategy and customer satisfaction studies.Indian Journal of Marketing,43(1), pp.5-13. Czinkota, M. and Ronkainen, I., 2012.International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Sage Publications. Demetriou, M., 2015. The Importance of Marketing Communications. East, R., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2013.Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Fahy, J. and Jobber, D., 2012.Foundations of marketing. McGraw-Hill Education. Fill, C. and Turnbull, S.L., 2016. Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation. Green, K.W., Whitten, D. and Inman, R.A., 2012. Aligning marketing strategies throughout the supply chain to enhance performance.Industrial Marketing Management,41(6), pp.1008-1018. Hartley, R.F. and Claycomb, C., 2013.Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Hill, B., 2015. The Importance of Marketing and Communication. Homburg, C., Kuester, S. and Krohmer, H., 2013.Marketing management: A contemporary perspective. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012.Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Lorette, K., 2014. The importance of marketing for the success of a business. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013.Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. Mullins, J., Walker, O.C. and Boyd Jr, H.W., 2012.Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Murdy, S. and Pike, S., 2012. Perceptions of visitor relationship marketing opportunities by destination marketers: An importance-performance analysis.Tourism Management,33(5), pp.1281-1285. O'shaughnessy, J., 2014.Competitive Marketing (RLE Marketing): A Strategic Approach. Routledge. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M. and Payne, A., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O.C., 2016.Foundations of marketing. Cengage Learning. pgcareers.com , 2016, Official Website of Procter and Gamble, Available from: https://pgcareers.com/ [ Accessed on: 25 May 2016] Ryan, D., 2014.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Shimp, T. and Andrews, J.C., 2013.Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Wirtz, J., Tuzovic, S. and G. Kuppelwieser, V., 2014. The role of marketing in today's enterprises.Journal of Service Management,25(2), pp.171-194.

Location factors for business Essay Example Essay Example

Location factors for business Essay Example Paper Location factors for business Essay Introduction All businesses, whether they produce goods or service, have to decide where to locate. This can depend on the fact that the firm wants to be closer to its target audience or produce the goods at a location where it is cheapest, it can be also linked to the business environment and other reasons aspects of the business which would affect the location of the firm.Demography:This is were the size of the population and the changes in the population are taken into consideration and studied in depth. Many businesses, mainly businesses which are included in the service sector are influenced by the demographic factor. For example on the south coast of England, Bournemouth has the highest percentage of elderly people living there, and that is the highest population in UK of the elderly situated in one area. Si this attracts people to Bournemouth to retire for to main reasons which are its climate, and the services businesses have in offer therefore there are many businesses which specialise i n providing the elderly community with goods and services best suited for that target audience.Seen as compulearn is also partly linked to the service sector it will be looking into demography because Compulearn also does services and thereby will need to look into the number of the population which in this case will be the population of Hounslow which is 212341, and it will need to look I will look into the changes within the school.Infrastructure:The infrastructure is the built environment such as the roads, factories, schools, railways, airports, houses and hospitals. The infrastructures of an area will affect the location of businesses. Most businesses tend to buy or rent premises which already exist; this is because it is cheaper than building a whole new factory for business. For example, a business thinking of setting up a shop may want to set up in an area were many other stores would exist and many customers. A larger business however may look for a location with good housi ng, school and leisure facilities for employees.There are also a few businesses which would prefer to build on Brownfield or Greenfield sites. Brownfield sites are sites which locate availability for industrial buildings or house. Greenfield sites are locations available for industrial or residential buildings, however the Greenfield site will agriculture or on developed piece of land which has never been built on before. These businesses may lose out when locating in Greenfield or Brownfield site. This is because Greenfield and Brownfield sites because it will have to pay more due to water and gas pipe fixing and electricity and phone connections and so on. However there are some advantages to having Brownfield and Greenfield sites because businesses are abler to build the infrastructure for the business and so the infrastructure will suit the businesses every requirement. None of this will be required of compulearn will be locating at Bell Road, Hounslow, Middlesex electricity and telephone will have to be paid for.Labour:Availability of employees in the area is vital. Businesses need to research on the availability of suitable employees in that area for the business; this involves employees having the right set of skills for the for example knowing how to program in c++(Computer language) or HTML (Website Language Short for Hyper text mark up language) this would save the business money because the business would not have to send the employee on a course which would cost a substantial amount of money. To do this I must.1. Consider the population statistics in the area2. The number of people who are looking for jobs3. The skill that workers will need to have4. The wage or salary that people in that area will expect.Many businesses locate their business in that area’s which would benefit them the economy. For example businesses may situate in places such as UK because the total cost of hiring employees will be lower and UK labourers is well educated an d trained for jobs. Compulearn will have employees because it will need more than on teacher to help classes also we will need teachers with different skills so that every course has a teacher that is specialised in the field.The cost of premisesIts important that businesses have premises, this for businesses can be quite cheap or very expensive, the cost of the premises can vary enormously depending upon their availability, and this is all to do with land. Businesses wanting to be closer to customers would therefore would be extremely expensive and could have down fall in production , land is cheaper further out of the capital city because there is more land available, however this means that there isn’t a thrive in mass production and consumers are more likely to be in the cities where all businesses prosper. Compulearn will have to pay mortgage to the bank.The availability of premisesThere isn’t much availability of premises and the ones that maybe very expensive su ch as city centre sites will be quite expensive for businesses and only those who can really afford to splash out will be able to afford these sites. The sites will also need to be the right size for the firm, for example a small local convenient store wouldn’t need premises as big as Tesco’s or Asda to locate. Also out of town developments are more popular now then ever before. Compulearn will need to have a decent size premises, a decent size premises is 15m x 15m.Where the suppliers areFor some businesses locating near the suppliers is necessary because the products needed to be produced maybe large and transportation will be expensive. For the businesses and thereby, locating the business near the suppliers is cheaper, or in other cases the firms need to be closer to the natural resources and will have to locate somewhere suitable for the business to be close to the natural resources. Compulearn suppliers will be on the internet this known as E-commerce. Compulearn will not need to be closes to the suppliers because all the products will be delivered to the location of the business Bell Road, Hounslow, Middlesex.Where the customers areCompulearn will need to locate near the customers; because this is the best way for Compulearn to be known and attract more customers this will boost our profits. Seeing as Compulearn will be locating in an area of London with a unemployment rate of 2.6% of the population being unemployed and 5% being unemployed for 2 years or more. This would be good for my business because they could start my course and get themselves a high paying job.Where the competitors areOften businesses will locate near their competitors. This is because they can compete in the market; however some business may stay away from competitors so customers have less choice and will have few options. For example compulearn will be locating further enough so that we are able to be the only one in that area with a computer teaching business but close enough to provide competitive prices to compete with other businesses in Hounslow, all businesses need a USP. This means a unique selling point where no other business can take over, this unique selling point will help the business attract the customers needed for making a profit.To do this businesses need to attract the customers needed for making a profit, to do this businesses need to identify competitors, and identify their own unique business and what makes their business special from the competitors. Compulearn has identified potential competitors which are other businesses running in Hounslow. We will be offering services to consumers. Compulearn sells services that will teach the consumer how to use a computer or how to code in c++ which Learn direct do not teach. We will be able to get you a degree in the language so that you can get a job. This is one of our unique selling points which we will use to our advantage.Some businesses my need to locate near roads, railway s and ports; this links to infrastructure because the roads and rail ways and ports are the built environment of the firm. A business needs to have good transport links for the products to be consumed by customers; the customers need to get the products quickly so the company bring more products in. This way more products will be sold and the money can be reinvested back into the business.They also need good transport links so the customers can easily get to the location of the business and buy the products and because Compulearn is near two major tube stations then we would obviously sell more of our learning packages to the people that need it, this will increase our profit which we could then use to help forward the business, like buy another store in another prime location so that we would be able to make more of profit and also a bigger share in the market. The good transport links makes it easier for our customers to get to us and also easy to find us.ConclusionLocation to com pulearn is important because even though the business may have the perfect service which will fill the demands of customers, if the location is not right, the business will loose out and if we loose out on customers then we will not be able to keep up with the rent of the property and would mean that we would need to cut back on costs which would lead to less courses being taught and less customers coming and a lower customer satisfaction. A business such as compulearn who is a small partnership needs the right location for the business because without the right location the business will not survive.The right location for the business will be in a area that has a low employment and is need for education. Our business will be the best way for the area to regenerate itself. If the business does not get potential customers the business will again loose out and will not make enough profit for the business to on and wil have to close down, because there is not enough consumers available because of the location. For compulearn being a vibrant area will help the business substantially also the business will be able to advertise by using word of mouth advertising and by this the profits of compulearn will increase. Location factors for business Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Employee Rights Supreme Court essays

Employee Rights Supreme Court essays Saint Clair Adams had been hired as a sales counselor by Circuit City Stores, Inc., in California. As a condition of employment, he was required to sign an agreement that any disputes that arose between Adams and his employer would be settled by arbitration. Despite that, Adams sued Circuit City Stores, Inc., in state court for various discrimination complaints. The Ninth Court of Appeals in California held that "Title VII disputes cannot be made subject to compulsory arbitration agreements" as they do not constitute interstate commerce' as specified in the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA). (King, 2001, Jones Day Web site) The facts in the case, as it began, are simple: Adams signed an employment contract that demanded arbitration rather than lawsuits to settle issues between employer and employee. When such an issue arose, however, Adams decided to pursue it in court rather than seek arbitration. Circuit City Stores, Inc., acted to compel Adams to enter into arbitration. The Ninth Circuit Court, contrary to the majority of other Circuit Courts, held that the FAA was written in such a way as to exclude all employment agreements from the reach of the demands of the FAA. The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit Court's decision, saying that in fact the only agreements not subject to arbitration under FAA pertained to seamen and When the case got to the Supreme Court, it was clear that Adams wanted the Court to find with the Ninth Circuit Court, which would open the way for Adams to litigate the employment issues. Circuit City Stores, Inc., wanted the Court to reverse the Ninth Circuit Court so that it could settle the dispute through arbitration. At that point, the facts of the case as originally filed were almost irrelevant. It did not matter what the specific EEOC violation by Circuit City Stores, Inc. might have been. What mattered at that point w...

The Approach to the Inmost Cave in the Heros Journey

The Approach to the Inmost Cave in the Hero's Journey This article is part of our series on the heros journey, starting with The Heros Journey Introduction and The Archetypes of the Heros Journey. Approach to the Inmost Cave The hero has adjusted to the special world and goes on to seek its heart, the inmost cave. She passes into an intermediate zone with new threshold guardians and tests. She approaches the place where the object of the quest is hidden and where she will encounter supreme wonder and terror, according to Christopher Voglers The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure. She must use every lesson learned to survive. The hero often has disheartening setbacks while approaching the cave. She is torn apart by challenges, which allow her to put herself back together in a more effective form for the ordeal to come. She discovers she must get into the minds of those who stand in her way, Vogler says. If she can understand or empathize with them, the job of getting past them or absorbing them becomes much easier. The approach encompasses all the final preparations for the ordeal. It brings the hero to the stronghold of the opposition, where she needs to use every lesson she has learned. Dorothy and her friends, Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion face a series of obstacles, enter a second special world (Oz) with its own unique guardians and rules, and are given the impossible task of entering the inmost cave, the Wicked Witch’s castle. Dorothy is warned of the supreme danger in this quest and becomes aware that she is challenging a powerful status quo. There is an eerie region around the inmost cave where it is clear that the hero has entered shaman’s territory on the edge of life and death, Vogler writes. Scarecrow is torn apart; Dorothy is flown off to the castle by monkeys, very like a shaman’s dream journey. The approach raises the stakes and rededicates the team to its mission. The urgency and life-or-death quality of the situation are underscored. Toto escapes to lead the friends to Dorothy. Dorothy’s intuition knows she must call on the help of her allies. The reader’s assumptions about the characters are turned upside down as they see each person exhibit surprising new qualities that emerge under the pressure of approach. The villains headquarters are defended with fierceness. Dorothys allies express misgivings, encourage each other, and plan their attack. They get into the skins of the guards, enter the castle, and use force, the Tin Man’s ax, to chop Dorothy out, but theyre soon blocked in all directions.

Complex Care Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Complex Care Assignment - Case Study Example The impulse produced is then represented by a pattern that shows the dysfunction ie whether it is total obstruction (Mi) or partial (angina).for many angina patients, the ECG is usually normal.ECG is only carried out on patients with stable angina. Echocardiogram is where sound waves are utilized to check for the condition of the heart. The waves produce images that are then used to visualize whether there are blockages or damages to the heart arterials. This depends on the x ray imaging. It is part of cardiac catheterization used in checking for blood vessels in the heart. This has also been used in evaluation of the lungs where there is accumulation of fluids in chest cavity. Measures flow of blood to myocardium at rest and during stress. This resembles regular stress test but in nuclear, a radioactive component is injected to the bloodstream (Mommersteeg et al., 2013). A scanner is used for detecting and creating images of the heart muscle. Deficient flow is indicated by light spots on the images. Beta blockers block the effects of hormone epinephrine such as adrenaline while prasugrel and ticagrel prevent blood from clotting, On the other hand, statins cholesterol levels in blood. Calcium channel blockers which relax and widens blood vessels (Mommersteeg et al., 2013). How Myocardial Infarction might progress to Acute Pulmonary Oedema. Acute pulmonary oedema is caused by high hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries as a result of increased pulmonary pressure in the veins. Myocardial infarction causes accumulation of fluids in the alveoli of the lungs. These fluids have low concentrations of proteins and can also be found in the interstitium. There is always frequent complaint of cough as well as pink, frothy sputum. Moreover, there may be hoarseness caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from mitral stenosis and perhaps chest pain that alerts physicians to the likeliness of acute myocardial infarction. In addition, there may be other

Family Planning among Teenagers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Planning among Teenagers - Term Paper Example The provision of family planning services to a minor depends on the legal concept of â€Å"personal representative.† According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2003), a personal representative is a person who has the legal authority to make health care decisions on behalf of the individual as in the case of minors (n.p.). Parents are often the personal representatives of minor children; thus, parents have the right to obtain health information about a minor child. However, the Privacy Rule specifies three circumstances in which certain minors can obtain specified health care without parental consent such as when the State or law does not require parental consent when obtaining particular health services (e.g., mental health treatment), when the court determines other authority rather than the parents to make treatment decisions for the minor, and when the parent to confidential relat ionship between the minor and the physician (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003, n.p.). In the case study presented, the 14-year-old teenager in an unemancipated minor with parents acting as the legal authority. ... A physician can prevent the transfer of billing/insurance information to reach parents by letting the minors use the option of requesting restrictions on disclosure of confidential communications. 2. What is the normal age range for menarche? According to Pillitteri (2009), the normal or usual age range for menarche is 9 to 17 years with average age of onset at 12.4 years (p. 99). The 14-year-old female in the case study experienced menarche at age 13 and thus, falls within the normal range. 3. What are some common treatments for dysmenorrhea? In the case study presented, the teenager stated that she experiences pain when she has her menses. The teenager also stated that the pain is occasionally bad enough that she misses school. The teenager suffers from a condition called dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation where treatment measures are geared towards pain relief and development of coping strategies. Treatment measures are grouped into three, namely: administration of low-dose oral contraceptives or Depo-Provera to suppress endometrium, administration of prostaglandin inhibitors or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain, and initiation of lifestyle changes. Patients treated with NSAIDs are usually prescribed to take Ibuprofen 400-800 mg or Naproxen 250-500 mg both three times a day (Ricci & Kyle, 2009, 94). In addition, patients treated with NSAIDs must be advised to take it with meals, cautioned against taking with aspirin or alcohol, and watched for signs of GI bleeding. Meanwhile, low-dose contraceptives are taken daily with advice to take active pills for an extended period of time to reduce the number of monthly cycles while the 150 mg of Depo-Provera is administered intramuscularly every 12th week with information that one could be

The Breakfast Club Essay Example for Free

The Breakfast Club Essay The plot follows five students at fictional Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois as they report for Saturday detention on March 24, 1984. While not complete strangers, the five teenagers are each from a different clique or social group. The five students Allison, Andrew, Bender, Brian, and Claire who seem to have nothing in common at first, come together at the high school library, where they are harangued and ordered not to speak or move from their seats by the antagonistic principal, Richard Vernon (Paul Gleason). They are to remain for a period of eight hours and fifty-four minutes (from 7:06 A.M. to 4 P.M., the only indication of time being on a clock that is 20 minutes fast). He assigns a 1,000 word essay (in which each student must write about who he or she thinks they are) and then leaves them mostly unsupervised, returning only occasionally to check on them. Bender, who has a particularly negative relationship with Mr. Vernon, disregards the rules and riles the other students; mocking Brian and Andrew, and sexually harassing Claire. Allison remains oddly quiet except for the occasional random outburst. The students pass the hours in a variety of ways. Gradually they open up to each other and reveal their inner secrets (for example, Allison is a compulsive liar, Bender comes from an abusive household and Brian and Claire are ashamed of their virginity). They also discover that they all have strained relationships with their parents and are afraid of making the same mistakes as the adults around them. However, despite these developing friendships the students are afraid that once the detention is over, they will return to their very different cliques and never speak to each other again. At the request and consensus of the students, Brian is asked to write the essay Mr. Vernon assigned earlier (the subject of which was to be a synopsis by each student detailing who you think you are), which challenges Mr. Vernon and his preconceived judgments about all of them. Brian does so, but instead of writing about the actual topic he writes a very motivating letter that is in essence, the main point of the story. He signs the essay as The Breakfast Club and leaves it at the table for Mr. Vernon to read when they leave. There are two versions of this letter, one read at the beginning and one at the end, which are slightly different; illustrating the change in the students judgments of one another and their realization that they truly have things in common.

Dolphin Assisted Therapy :: essays research papers fc

Dolphin assisted therapy (DAT) is a highly controversial topic in the medical world. Is it medicine or simply recreation? Whatever you might believe, you cannot deny the fact that dolphins are loving and nurturing mammals with the ability to show compassion. Along with that ability for compassion, some may claim that there is actual science, which proves that interactions with dolphins have helped to treat many patients. Most of the patients in dolphin assisted therapy are children with autism, Down's syndrome, depression, and other neurological and movement disorders. (http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9803/28/dolphin.therapy/index.html) The theory behind dolphin assisted therapy is based on two philosophies. One of these is that the unconditional love and support a dolphin has to offer can benefit children and mentally ill patients in many ways. As with most animals, a dolphin seems to have human-like emotions, so a deep trusting bond can develop between patient and mammal. Some proponents of dolphin assisted therapy claim that the compassion a dolphin displays increases the patient’s self-confidence, because the patient is never judged. Increased self-confidence can lead to better social skills and academic improvement. (http://www.ulst.ac.uk/papa/dolphin.html) The second part of the theory involves a more scientific approach. It involves echolocation (echolocation: a high-pitched sound sent out by the dolphin that bounces off an object and returns to the whale. The dolphin interprets the returning echo to determine the object’s shape, direction, distance, and texture). (http://www.zoomdinasaurs.com/subjects/whales/glossary/Echolocation.shtml ) Some say that the dolphins’ use of sonar and echolocation produce changes in the body tissue and cell structure of patients who associate with them. Others believe that sound waves emitted by the dolphins in communication and echolocation stimulate healing. (http://www.idw.org/healing.html) A diminishing of anxiety and depression, enhanced learning in handicapped children, and pain relief are all attributed, by some researchers, to dolphin echolocation (http://www.interspecies.org/dolphin.human/research ). Echolocation is also thought to help increase attention span, develop motor skill s, and develop better co-ordination in children (http://www.ulst.ac.uk/papa/dolphin.html). Although dolphin assisted therapy has many supporters, it also has a large number of critics. They say dolphin assisted therapy is an advertised miracle along with a hefty fee. Dr. Bernard Rimland, director of the Autism Research Institute in San Diego says, â€Å"There is no scientific evidence at all that using dolphins is helpful†¦. It’s a recreational thing.† Michael Westerveld, a pediatirc neuropsychologist at Yale University’s School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, said â€Å"If there is any success, I’d be more likely inclined to attribute it to the general effects of†¦.

Senior Science Half Yearly Revision

Senior Science Half-Yearly Revision 1. Surface tension – A property of the surface of a liquid. It is what causes the surface portion of liquid to be attracted to another surface, such as that of another portion of liquid. Surface tension is caused by cohesion (the attraction of molecules to like molecules). Since the molecules on the surface of the liquid are not surrounded by like molecules on all sides, they are more attracted to their neighbours on the surface. Mercury has a high surface tension. The meniscus of water is concave whilst the meniscus of mercury is convex. When a water strider is on the surface of the fluid, the surface under tension will behave like an elastic membrane. There will be a small depression on the surface of the water. The vertical components of the forces by the molecules on the object will balance out the weight of the object. 2. Biomaterials are special materials that are biocompatible. They are able to function in contact with the living tissue with minimal rejection from the body. A biomedical device are implants that are engineered from biomaterial and designed to perform specific functions of the body. Titanium alloy – low-density, non-toxic, biocompatible, strong, and non-corrosive. Plastics (polymers) – biocompatible, not-toxic, non-corrosive, smooth, flexible, and low-density. 3. Muscles – Muscles look like bundles of pale pink tissue which pull the bone. Tendons – Tendons are shiny white tissues at the ends of the muscles that attach muscles to bones. Ligaments – Ligaments connect bones to other bones at joints. They look like a shiny white covering of the joint surfaces. Cartilage – Between the bones is another shiny white material that is slippery. This is cartilage, which helps the bones move without grinding against one another, or without causing trauma. 4. Why is it important for detergents to be biodegradable – Non-biodegradable detergents could build up in waterways and cause significant and long-term damage. Biodegradable can be broken down by the action of living things like bacteria and other microbes. 5. Transdermal Patches – Slow and steady drug release directly into the bloodstream is the main benefit of skin patches. The drug is encased in a polymer which slowly releases the drug. E. g. Nicotine patches. Subdermal Implants – Devices implanted under the skin are also being developed to deliver drugs at a controlled rate. E. g. Contraceptives. It consists of six flexible silicon tubes filled with a five-year supply of the contraceptive hormone. It is implanted in the upper arm, and small amounts of the hormone continuously seep through the permeable tubes into the bloodstream. 6. Water is important in making medicines because generally, the more water soluble a drug, the quicker will be its absorption. It can be administered orally (as solutions, or in capsules or tablets) and by injection. Water acts as a solvent. . What causes the sound of a heartbeat – The first heart sound (lub) is caused by the acceleration and deceleration of blood and a vibration of the heart at the time of the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves. The second heart sound (dub) is caused by the same acceleration and deceleration of blood and vibrations at the time of closure of the pulmonic an d aortic valves. Basically, the sound comes from the heart valves closing. 8. Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids. Surfactants improve water's ability to wet things, spread over surfaces, and seep into dirty clothes fibres. One end of their molecule is attracted to water, while the other end is attracted to dirt and grease. So the surfactant molecules help water to get a hold of grease, break it up, and wash it away. Soaps and detergents are both emulsifying agents and surfactants. 9. Colloid – a type of mixture in which one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another. Particles that remain suspended for a long time. Suspension – a mixture containing particles that settle out or form layers. Particles that settle out or form layers. Solute – the substance to be dissolved. Solvent – the substance in which to be dissolved in. Solution – a group of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Dissolved substances. Mixture – is when two or more different substances are mixed together but not combined chemically. 10. Non-invasive medical techniques – X-ray and Ultrasound. Advantages – does make an incision into the skin and short or no hospital stay. Disadvantages – may not be able to detect all problems. Minimally invasive – Keyhole surgery and Angioplasty. Advantages – get a detailed diagnostic report. Disadvantages – long hospital stay. 11. Hydrophilic – refers to a physical property of a molecule that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through hydrogen bonding. Heads stick in the water, tails stick out of the water. Hydrophobic – is the physical property of a molecule that is repelled from a mass of water. Tails stick in the water, heads stick out of the water. 12. If plaque or fats get deposited in the arteries, it slowly blocks blood from flowing freely to the heart. Plaque deposits that have built up inside arteries can be reduced by the technique called angioplasty. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a balloon catheter, is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size. The balloon crushes the fatty deposits, so opening up the blood vessel to improved flow, and the balloon is then collapsed and withdrawn. 13. Lubricants: Use – Reduces friction between moving parts. Precautions – Some are flammable-keep away from flames. Pesticides: Use – Kills pests. Precautions – Toxic-do not swallow, inhale or spill on skin. Solvents: Use – Dissolves dirt on clothes, turpentine to clean paintbrushes, oven cleaners to dissolve fat. Precautions – Some are flammable and toxic. Drain and oven cleaners are corrosive and will burn skin badly. Do not swallow, inhale or spill on skin. Cosmetics: Use – Perfumes to produce a fragrant and pleasant scent. Make-up to change appearance. Hair gel to change a particular hairstyle. Precautions – May cause an allergic reaction in susceptible people. Sprays may be dangerous to inhale. Preservatives: Use – Prevent bacteria growing in food. Precautions – May cause illness if eaten. Sulphur dioxide may cause asthma. May cause learning difficulties. 14. Diagram of the Heart 15. Parts of the Digestive System 16. The pH of the stomach is between 2 -3. This acidic condition will help kill bacteria and mix the food with digestive juices. The pH of the small intestine is between 7. 5-8. This alkaline condition helps in complete digestion and absorption of the food. 17. Role of skin – Helps maintain a constant body temperature. Micro-flora – Protects the body from disease. 18. Water-soluble vitamins: 8 B vitamins and vitamin C. Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamins A, D, E and K. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water, and in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. Because they are not readily stored, consistent daily intake is important. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids (fats). They are more likely to accumulate in the body.

Oriflame Direct Marketing Strategy Essay

Oriflame is a cosmetics company, founded in Sweden in the year of 1967 by two brothers Jonas af Jochnick and Robert af Jochnick. The company’s main products are personal care, accessories and nutritional products with over approximately 1000 cosmetics products. The products are priced in higher range and promise higher value to customers through a more customized and personalized approach for product and service offerings, distribution processes tailored to meet the needs of customers, and the opportunity to build customer loyalty. The logo of the company ‘Oriflame Sweden’ gives a feel of expensive Swedish cosmetics. ORIFLAME’S MARKETING STRATEGY The marketing strategy adopted by Oriflame is Direct Marketing or Network Marketing. It is one of the largest companies to sell through direct marketing through an independent sales force of over 3.6 million sales consultants in more than 60 countries worldwide with annual sales exceeding some â‚ ¬1.5 billion. Network Marketing or Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) is a strategy which allows the parent multi-level company to market and distribute their products or/and service, directly to the consumer by direct selling in a non-permanent retail location and grow the network through relationship referrals. These sales are done through independent, unsalaried Sales Consultants (full time or part time) who represent the company and make commission based on the volume of sales. The sales consultants often build their own organisation by recruiting a down-line of other independent distributors, who perform the same job; and as a result the entire organisation expands. As a consultant they earn commission not only based on their own sales, but also on the entire sales of the down-line group. This strategy has a very low distribution cost and also offers a leading business opportunity to people. This unique business concept – ‘Make Money Today and Fulfil Your Dreams Tomorrow’ goes with the brand promise of the company ‘Your Dreams, Our Inspiration’ Oriflame implements this strategy with frequent regular catalogues along with frequent, short-term price promotions and cross-sell campaigns. The details of the strategy are as follows 1) Independent sales consultants team who directly get in touch with end consumers with hard copy of catalogue 2) Marketing through owners of beauty parlours to increase customer reach 3) Face-to-face interaction with live demos about usage and benefits of the products 4) Samples at low prices or free samples with some purchase to try the product first and then purchase as buying expensive cosmetic products is a high involvement decision. 5) Direct mails to consumers which includes catalogues, offers 6) Online catalogue and offer details on company website. A typical online catalogue is as below 7) Promoting existing consultants to add more consultants and grow the sales network. This also helps Oriflame in increasing loyal customer base as consultants buy Oriflame products for their personal use and for their family. The process of becoming an Oriflame Consultant is an easy process. It includes following steps 8) Oriflame also promotes its consultants to increase the sales by giving different incentives like international travel, gifts and other promotional tactics. For example, this year’s major attraction is Gold Conference in London in 2015 9) Offline and online makeup tutorials and guidance about health and health & beauty care

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Cottingham

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Cottingham Richard Cottingham was a serial rapist and killer that used the streets of New York and New Jersey as his hunting ground in the 1970s. Known for being particularly cruel, Cottingham earned the nickname The Torso Killer because he would sometimes mutilate the body of his victims, leaving just their torso intact. Early Life Relocating to a new school in the seventh grade proved to be socially challenging for Cottingham. He attended St. Andrews, a co-ed parochial school, and spent a lot of his after-school time friendless and at home with his mother and two siblings. It was not until he entered Pascack Valley High School, that he had friends. After graduating from high school, Cottingham went to work as a computer operator at his fathers insurance company, Metropolitan Life. He stayed there for two years and then moved to Blue Cross Blue Shield, also as a computer operator. First Kill and The Family Man Cottingham abducted Carr  from her apartment parking lot, took her to a hotel where he raped, tortured, and murdered her, and left her body at Ledgewood Terrace. In 1974, Cottingham, who was now the father of a baby boy, was arrested and charged with robbery, sodomy, and sexual assault in New York City, but the charges were dropped. Over the next three years, Janet gave birth to two more children- a boy and a girl. Soon after their last child was born, Cottingham began an extramarital affair with a woman named Barbara Lucas. The relationship lasted for two years, ending in 1980. Throughout their affair, Cottingham was raping, killing and mutilating women. Killing Spree March 22, 1978: New York City- Kidnapped, drugged and raped Karen Schilt, age 31.October 13, 1978: Hackensack, New Jersey- Drugged, tortured and raped prostitute Susan Geiger who was pregnant.December 2, 1979: New York City- Tortured and murdered Deedeh Goodarzi, 23, and â€Å"Jane Doe,† an unidentified woman in her 20s. The two women were found in a room at the Travel Inn Motel Hotel, bound together, raped, tortured and murdered. Cottingham mutilated their bodies, removed their hands and heads, then set fire to the hotel room.May 4, 1980: Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey- Valerie Ann Street, 19, was found at the Quality Inn Motel, naked, beaten, and with multiple cuts on one of her breasts.May 12, 1980: Teaneck, New Jersey- Drugged, beaten, and with several bite marks on her body, Pamela Weisenfeld was found in a parking lot.May 15, 1980: New York City- Jean Reyner, 25, was raped, stabbed, mutilated and strangled to death in a room at the Hotel Seville in New York City.May 22, 1980: Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey- Feeling invincible, Cottingham returned to the Quality Inn Motel with Leslie O’Dell, 18, where he raped, beat, tortured and tried to kill her, however, he was interrupted by hotel security. Finally Busted A search of a private room in Cottinghams home turned up various personal items linking him to his victims. The handwriting on hotel receipts was also matched to his handwriting. He was charged in New York City with a triple homicide (Mary Ann Jean Reyner, Deedeh Goodarzi and â€Å"Jane Doe†) and on 21 counts in New Jersey, plus additional charges for the murder of Maryann Carr. Courtroom Drama and Sentence During the New Jersey trial, Cottingham testified that since he was a child he was fascinated with bondage. But this monster who often demanded that his victims call him master showed no backbone when faced with the prospect of spending the rest of his life in prison. Three days after he was found guilty of the New Jersey murders he attempted suicide in his cell by drinking liquid antidepressants. Then a few days before the New York verdict he attempted suicide by cutting his left forearm with a razor in front of the jury. Ironically, this master of mutilation could not master his own suicide Cottingham is currently housed at the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey.

What Is Diaspora

What Is Diaspora Diaspora is a community of people from the same homeland who have been scattered or have migrated to other lands. While most often associated with the Jewish people expelled from the Kingdom of Israel in the 6th century BCE, the diaspora of many ethnic groups is found around the world today. Diaspora Key Takeaways A diaspora is a group of people who have been forced from or chosen to leave their homeland to settle in other lands.People of a diaspora typically preserve and celebrate the culture and traditions of their homeland.Diaspora may be created by voluntary emigration or by force, as in the cases of wars, slavery, or natural disasters. Diaspora Definition The term diaspora comes from the Greek verb diaspeirÃ…  meaning â€Å"to scatter† or â€Å"to spread about.† As first used in Ancient Greece, diaspora referred to people of dominant countries who voluntarily emigrated from their homelands to colonize conquered countries.  Today, scholars recognize two kinds of diaspora: forced and voluntary. Forced diaspora often arises from traumatic events such as wars, imperialistic conquest, or slavery, or from natural disasters like famine or extended drought. As a result, the people of a forced diaspora typically share feelings of persecution, loss, and desire to return to their homeland. In contrast, a voluntary diaspora is a community of people who have left their homelands in search of economic opportunity, as in the massive emigration of people from depressed regions of Europe to the United States during the late 1800s. Unlike diaspora created by force, voluntary immigrant groups, while also maintaining close cultural and spiritual links to their countries of origin, are less likely to wish to return to them permanently. Instead, they take pride in their shared experience and feel a certain social and political â€Å"strength-in-numbers.† Today, the needs and demands of large diaspora often influence government policy ranging from foreign affairs and economic development to immigration.   The Jewish Diaspora The origins of the Jewish diaspora date to 722 BCE, when the Assyrians under King Sargon II conquered and destroyed the Kingdom of Israel. Cast into exile, the Jewish inhabitants were scattered throughout the Middle East. In 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE, Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II deported large numbers of Jews from the Kingdom of Judah but allowed them to remain in a unified Jewish community in Babylon. Some of the Judean Jews chose to flee to Egypt’s Nile Delta. By 597 BCE, the Jewish diaspora was scattered among three distinct groups: one in Babylon and other less-settled parts of the Middle East, another in Judaea, and another group in Egypt. In 6 BCE, Judea came under Roman rule. While they allowed the Judeans to retain their Jewish king, the Roman governors maintained real control by restricting religious practices, regulating trade, and imposing ever-higher taxes on the people. In 70 CE, the Judeans launched a revolution which ended tragically in 73 BCE with the Roman siege of the Jewish fort of Masada. After destroying Jerusalem, the Romans annexed Judaea and drove the Jews from Palestine. Today, the Jewish diaspora is spread throughout the world. The African Diaspora During the Atlantic Slave Trade of the 16th to 19th centuries, as many as 12 million people in Western and Central Africa were taken captive and shipped to the Americas as slaves. Made up mainly of young men and women in their childbearing years, the native African diaspora grew rapidly. These displaced people and their descendants greatly influenced the culture and politics of the American and other New World colonies. In reality, the massive African diaspora had begun centuries before the slave trade as millions of Sub-Saharan Africans migrated to parts of Europe and Asia in search of employment and economic opportunity. Today, descendants of the native African diaspora maintains and celebrates its shared culture and heritage in communities around the world. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, nearly 46.5 million people of the African diaspora lived in the United States in 2017. The Chinese Diaspora The modern Chinese Diaspora began in the mid-19th century. During the 1850s to the 1950s, large numbers of Chinese workers left China in search of jobs in Southeast Asia. From the 1950s through the 1980s, wars, starvation, and political corruption in mainland China shifted the destination of Chinese diaspora to more industrialized areas including North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Driven by the demand for cheap manual labor in these countries, most of these migrants were unskilled workers. Today, the growing Chinese diaspora has evolved into a more advanced â€Å"multi-class and multi-skilled† profile needed to satisfy the demands of the high-tech globalized economy. The current Chinese diaspora is estimated to consist of some 46 million ethnic Chinese living outside China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau. Sources Vertovec, Steven. The Political Importance of Diasporas. Migration Policy Institute. (June 1, 2005).â€Å"Ancient Jewish History: The Diaspora† Jewish Virtual Library.â€Å"National African-American History Month: February 2017† U.S. Census Bureau.â€Å"Chinese Diaspora Across the World: A General Overview† Academy for Cultural Diplomacy.

Supervisory Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Supervisory Management - Coursework Example But at times when they make decision-making errors and then further they fail to handle the problem. The biggest reason behind their premature attitude is that they do not follow the proper "Decision Analysis Process" or the "Problem Solving Process". That is they firstly fail to recognize the problem, i.e. the manager fails to analyze the problem in detail and then does not allocate number of solution to it. Further, then the manager should decide one solution that perfectly matches and provide the best possible advantage. Further after the decision is made and the course of action is done a proper feedback is necessary to judge its effectiveness and then finally judge the impact of each decision on the problem itself or evaluate the result. Apart from the process the manager himself should have the major characteristics like the overall managerial leadership skills, good relationship with higher level executives and the peers or subordinates, effectiveness in management practices and they solve problems and gain their achievable goals. 2. Discuss the following statement: It's better for a manger to try to carry out a poor decision for the sake of worker confidence. You can't build worker confidence by continually admitting the poor decision you make. The workers or the labor force confidence in the business or in the management is really important because if these workers will be motivated towards their job it would lead to higher productivity and a good repute for an organization. Because when a worker will be given high incentives and his those strategies would be adopted that would increase the workers belief, it would lead to employee loyalty and there would be less chances of switching, low absenteeism, low turnover and would ultimately lead to satisfied and productive workers. While, if the manger is trying to satisfy the workers it could also result in company's low profits and revenue, and the basic motive of the profit organizations is to increase their productive capabilities so they can enjoy higher turnover. But is the manager fails and keeps making such decisions that would be damaging for the organization and would ultimately be a poor decision. Hence, the manager should adopt such strategies and decision that prov e to be benefit for both the organization and the workers so that both could be equally satisfied and best results could be achieved. 3. What are the pros and cons of decisions made by groups such as committees and tasks forces as compared to decisions made by one person Decision making is one of the most critical and tricky work and decisions are made on daily basis both by groups as well as individuals. There are certain advantages in both the two types, but decision made by groups hold more importance because working in group combines strength, skills among all the members and therefore it would lead to a better performance as compared to individual. Because an individual when making a decision would only look at one factor which he would consider right and he alone could not think of all other factors that could result in a specific problem. This states that a group leads to diverse and innovative ideas. Group decisions are also free from biasness because it requires every group member contribution while an individual decision could be affected by personal belonging or

Compression Bandaging in Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcer Essay

Compression Bandaging in Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcer - Essay Example The paper tells that persistent and long duration ulcers that do not heal within six weeks are known as chronic ulcers. Most common causes of leg ulcers include venous disease or arterial disease or both. 81% of leg ulcers are due to venous diseases, as surveyed by Health department of Ireland. Venous ulcerations occur due to the venous hypertension. Normally when the leg is moved, calf muscles compress these veins which encourage the flow of blood along the vein. The valves ensure that the blood moves from capillaries towards heart. Thrombosis and varicosity injure the valves present in the veins of legs. These valves are supposed to stop the back flow or reflux of blood. If damaged, then blood can flow in any direction and can cause hypertension in veins. As a result capillaries loose there shape and become distorted. Afterwards, an inflammatory cascade occurs which vary, in both time and its severity, among different individuals. Swelling, a fluid discharging wound and damage to t he skin with a uniformly distributed background of hyper pigmentation, dispersed purpuric macules, erythema, scaling, excoriations may also be present as an indicator of the severity of the condition. The common sites of ulceration are legs and other areas surrounding ankle. To heal long duration chronic leg ulcers various approaches have been embarked on after extensive research studies. Most of the patients have multiple co morbidities, which complicate there potential to heal. As well as patients have to visit doctors on regular basis for frequent change of dressings and for follow up on wound’s condition which increase financial burden. Recurrences are common in the case of venous leg ulcers and can become chronic very easily.(Tavernelli, Reifs&Larsent, 2010) Review: â€Å"SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF COMPRESSION TREATMENT FOR VENOUS LEG ULCERS† by Flectcher A., Cullum N., Sheldon T A.(1997). Introduction: The study is conducted to improve the outcomes of venous leg ulcer pa tients. The research article is fairly original as it is published in a peer reviewed journal (British Medical Journal). Academic journals acts as quality control and ensure that the subject is not only accurate and is properly presented and hence ensures its originality.(Bauer&Brazer, 2010). In this paper, systemic investigation is conducted using data sets from original researches (Primary sources). This work is frequently cited by other authors. The study is conducted by Professor Trevor A. Sheldon and his fellow researcher Alison Fletcher associated with NHS centre for Review and Dissemination, University of York, York. In the introduction, authors describe VLU (Venous leg ulcer) as the chronic condition which can easily recur. The main aim clearly states that the effectiveness of compression bandage as a healing agent for VLU will be determined along with its cost effectiveness. The paper describes compression bandaging as the first line treatment for venous leg ulcers when any arterial disease is absent to complicate the condition. However, determination of the most effective treatment for curing VLU is still under observation by the researchers and medical health practitioners. Therefore, NHS health technology assessment programme commissioned a systemic review to determine the extent of effectiveness of compression bandaging. Methodology The study was designed by selecting relevant data from specialized data basis including Medline, CINHAL, and EMBASE as well as manual search. Search was complemented by scrutiny of the citations, contact with various authors and original manufacturers. All the data was included, disregarding the publication date, status or language. However, complete data is not given in the paper and is referenced to Cochrane Library database. Using fixed effect (peto) method which weights each study and the relationship of dependent variable against its outcomes are

Response to the Critical Thinking Exercise Research Paper

Response to the Critical Thinking Exercise - Research Paper Example Though no previous research on these specific methods is available, wound management theories are diverse and available to nurses through Google search, and databases such as PubMed, in deciding which method to use (McManus, 2007, p.9). For example, in chronic wounds some types of methods such as moist wound healing might not work due to the recurrence of necrotic tissues (McManus, 2007, p.10). Thus, literature review on known methods can serve to design the methodology for testing the research question whether some new methods are more efficient than other methods. Moreover, quantifiable study design, samples and data collection techniques can be borrowed from the already existent body of knowledge. Though a nurse might be faced with absence of previous research on a method that arose from nurse’s experience and observations, previous theories can be used to design one’s own experiment and thus scientifically evaluate the efficiency of these

Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding Based Text Steganography

Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding Based Text Steganography A Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding (CASE) Based Text Steganography Approach Abstract Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message. Steganography is a form of security through obscurity. Steganography algorithms uses cover media such as text, image, audio and video etc. to hide the data. User relies on change in the structure of these mediums and features of the target medium in such a manner as is not identifiable by human. In this paper we also present and evaluate my contribution to design the new approach for text Steganography and named it as CASE (Capital Alphabet Shape Encoding) approach. This approach is a combination of random character sequence and feature coding method. Keywords- Steganography; features; encoding; decoding; cover text. Steganography means conceal communication. It is derived from a work by Johannes Trithemus (1462-1516) titled Steganographia. The word Steganography comes from Greek and meaning of steganography is concealed writing. Steganography is used to transmit a message through some innocuous carrier i.e. text, image, audio or video over a communication channel in order to effectively conceal the existence of the message. Text steganography is a process to hide the secret information within text (i.e. character based) messages. Text steganography is the most difficult kind of steganography [1]. Text steganography is considered as difficult one is due to the lack of redundant information in a text file, while there is a lot of redundancy in a picture or a sound file, which can be used in steganography [1] [2]. For text steganography there are many methods available [3] [4]. Some method change format of text while some method change actual word to hide secret data. White space is used to hide secret data, in open space methods [5], while in syntactic method punctuations are used to hide secret data [5]. In acronyms method [2] and semantic method [4], actual word or phrase replacement is used to hide secret data. By using characteristics of that particular language data is hidden in Persian/Arabic Text steganography [4] and Hindi Text steganography [6]. If we use open space methods [6] or feature coding method [4] in text steganography, and if somehow format of file is changed then it results in data loss. In acronyms and semantic method, meaning of information can be changed because these methods use actual word replacement or punctuation to hide secret data. So a method is needed by which secret data survive after changing format of file and meaning of text will not changed. So considering some problems like format changing, changing meaning of secret data, etc. in existing text steganography methods; we have proposed new CASE approach for text steganography. We have used text features of English letters to hide secret data. Letters of English alphabet based on kind of round shape or curve, vertical and horizontal line are grouped in first approach. Like some letters in English language contains kind of close round shape or curve. Like some letters in English contains only one straight vertical line. In second approach, we are grouping numbers and symbols. In CASE categorization, based on different text features of English letters we categorize English letters into eight groups. We have studied the implementation some existing methods mentioned in paper [4] and we have compared these methods with proposed CASE approach. In the proposed CASE approach randomness is used but it aids to provide more security to secret information. For various existing method s and proposed CASE approach we have measured number of bytes hide, time overhead and memory overhead. Our results shows that, very less time overhead and memory overhead is required to implement proposed CASE approach compared to existing methods, and also we can hide more number of bytes using proposed approach. Required cover text size is also very small in proposed approach. In this approach, we introduce new encoding technique to hide the secret message in cover text. We will call this technique Capital Alphabet Shape Encoding (CASE). In this method every character of secrete message is encoded in the form of 8-bit binary number after that the equivalent ASCII character is replace the original character. In this the left most 0th bit will represent the alphabet group or digit/symbols group (0 value for alphabet set and 1 value for digit or symbols). In case of alphabet we made eight groups of English letters based on features of letters. While making group we consider only Capital letters of English alphabet. The left most 1st, 2nd, 3rd bit of 8 bit number represents the group number. The next 4th bit will represent the sentence case of letter. If it is 1, than it represents upper case letter and if its 0 than letter will be lower case letter. Table I, II, III shows eight bit encoding format of alphabets, digits and symbols. In this approach all alphabets are divided into groups and every alphabet has its position in corresponding group. This position will represent the last three bit of 8-bit number. By using this approach, we can hide all eight bits of one letter of secret message into one letter of cover text at a time. Table1. 8-Bit encoding format in case of alphabet 0th bit 1st bit 2nd bit 3rd bit 4th bit 5th bit 6th bit 7th bit Alphabet (0) Group no. Case Group position in alphabet Group. Table2. 8-Bit encoding format in case of digit 0th bit 1st bit 2nd bit 3rd bit 4th bit 5th bit 6th bit 7th bit digit (1) Group Position in Digit Group Always 0 Always 0 Always 0 Table3. 8-Bit encoding format in case of symbols 0th bit 1st bit 2nd bit 3rd bit 4th bit 5th bit 6th bit 7th bit Symbol (1) Always 0 Always 0 Always 0 Group Position in Symbol Group. As shown in Table1, in first group, we include neither those letters which have round shape or any curve and nor vertical and horizontal straight line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 000 bit. Candidates for this group are V, W, X, Y. In second group, we include those letters which have one or two vertical straight line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 001 bit. Candidates for this group are K, M and N. In the third group, we include those letters which have only one or more horizontal straight line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 010 bit. Candidates for this group are A and Z. In forth group, we include those letters which have both one and more than one straight vertical and horizontal line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 011 bit. Candidates for this group are E, F, H, I, L and T. In fifth group, we include those group, we include those letters which have only curve or round shape. We can use any letter from this group to hide 100bit. Candidates for this group are C, O, Q, S and U. In sixth group, we include those letters which have both curve and straight vertical line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 101bit. Candidates for this group are B, D, P and R. In seventh group, we include those letters which have curve and straight horizontal line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 110 bit. Candidate for this group is G. In last but not the least eighth group, we include those letters which have curve, and both straight vertical and horizontal line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 111 bit. Candidate for this group is J. For example if the secret letter is H then by using CASE approach it will be encoded as 00111010 and its ASCII equivalent is 58 which is given by :. After encoding, now letter : will be mixed up with the cover text. And this letter will hides all the 8 bits of original letter H into cover text. 2.1. Hiding the Message In the CASE text stenography approach, first we encode all the characters of the secret message with new proposed encoding technique which is based on the shape of the alphabet characters. Second we hide this message with the cover text by mixing it with the contents of cover text, i.e. first we encode the secret character and then we perform process of finding the ASCII equivalent of the 8-bit format of the secret character and hide it with the contents of cover text. To hide it or embed it with the cover text, we made a new technique. In this technique we encode the first three letter of the cover text by using CASE approach and then count the bits having value 1. This count value is the key value for hiding the data. After calculating the key value message is mixed up, one character of message comes after key number character of cover text and this process of embedding are repeated until whole message is hidden in the cover text. For implementation of CASE approach we develop two algorithms for hiding and retrieving which are implemented in JSP using NetBeans IDE. 3.1. Pseudo code for message hiding Procedure CASE_steno_hide (String msg, String covertext) begain; For i=0 to msg.length() ch=msg(i); encode_msg=encode_msg+char(encode(ch)); End For key_msg=covertext.substring(0,3); For i=0 to key_msg.length() ch=key_msg(i); en_key=en_key+encode(ch); End For keyarray []=en_key.toByteArray(); key=0; For i=0 to keyarray.length() IF keyarray[i] == 1 then key++; End IF End For IF key key=5; End IF For i=0,j=0 to i hidden_msg=hidden_msg+covertext.substring(i,i+k)+encode_msg(j); i=i+k+1; j++; End For return hidden_msg; End Procedure 3.2. Pseudo code for message retrive Procedure CASE_steno_unhide(String hidden_msg) begain key_msg=hidden_msg.substring(0,3); For i=0 to key_msg.length() ch=key_msg(i); en_key=en_key+encode(ch); End For keyarray []=en_key.toByteArray(); key=0; For i=0 to keyarray.length() IF keyarray[i] == 1 then key++; End IF End For IF key key=5; End IF For i=key to hidden_msg.length() encode_msg=encode_msg+hidden_msg(i); i=i+key; End For For i=0 to encode_msg.length() orignal_msg=orignal_msg+decode(encode_msg(i)); End For return orignal_msg; End Procedure Fig. 1: Numbers of bytes hide by particular method Fig. 2: Maximum cover text required to hide 200 bytes and 1000 bytes Fig. 3: Time and memory overhead of all methods. In this paper, we have proposed new approach for text-based steganography for English language texts. In this approach, we exploit the shapes of the English characters to hide secret bits. Based on our survey of the existing Text Steganography approaches, we show that our proposed approach can hide more number of bytes, it has very small cover text and required very less time overhead as compare to other techniques. Our analysis reveals that our approach imparts increased randomness in encoding because of which the same cannot be attacked easily. This approach is applicable to the soft-copy texts as well as hard-copy texts. In addition, the proposed approach is also immune to retyping and reformatting of text. However, one of the weaknesses of the proposed approach is that once known about their applicability, they can easily be attacked. Hence, it is essential to keep the application of a particular approach to a particular data set secret, while using them. 5. References M. Shirali-Shahreza, Text steganography by changing words spelling, In 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Korea, 2008. M. Shirali-Shahreza, and M. Shirali-Shahreza, Text Steganography in SMS, In International Conference on Convergence Information Technology, 2007. F. Khan, Enhanced Text Steganography in SMS, In 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication, 2009. M. Shirali-Shahreza, and M. Shirali-Shahreza, A New Approach to Persian/Arabic Text Steganography, In 5th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on computer and information science (ICIS COMSAk06), 2006, 310-315. W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto, and A. Lu, Techniques for data hiding, In IBM Systems journal, vol. 35 (Issues 3 4), 1996, p.p.313-336. Available: http://www.informatik.unitrier.de/~ley/db/ journals/ibmsj/ibmsj35.html. K, Alla, and Dr. R. Shivramprasad, An evolution of Hindi text steganography, In 6th International Conference on Information Technology, 2009. B. Dunbar, A Detailed look at Steganographic techniques and their use in an Open-systems environment, SANS Institute, 2002. K. 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