Employee Rights Supreme Court essays

Employee Rights Supreme Court essays Saint Clair Adams had been hired as a sales counselor by Circuit City Stores, Inc., in California. As a condition of employment, he was required to sign an agreement that any disputes that arose between Adams and his employer would be settled by arbitration. Despite that, Adams sued Circuit City Stores, Inc., in state court for various discrimination complaints. The Ninth Court of Appeals in California held that "Title VII disputes cannot be made subject to compulsory arbitration agreements" as they do not constitute interstate commerce' as specified in the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA). (King, 2001, Jones Day Web site) The facts in the case, as it began, are simple: Adams signed an employment contract that demanded arbitration rather than lawsuits to settle issues between employer and employee. When such an issue arose, however, Adams decided to pursue it in court rather than seek arbitration. Circuit City Stores, Inc., acted to compel Adams to enter into arbitration. The Ninth Circuit Court, contrary to the majority of other Circuit Courts, held that the FAA was written in such a way as to exclude all employment agreements from the reach of the demands of the FAA. The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit Court's decision, saying that in fact the only agreements not subject to arbitration under FAA pertained to seamen and When the case got to the Supreme Court, it was clear that Adams wanted the Court to find with the Ninth Circuit Court, which would open the way for Adams to litigate the employment issues. Circuit City Stores, Inc., wanted the Court to reverse the Ninth Circuit Court so that it could settle the dispute through arbitration. At that point, the facts of the case as originally filed were almost irrelevant. It did not matter what the specific EEOC violation by Circuit City Stores, Inc. might have been. What mattered at that point w...

The Approach to the Inmost Cave in the Heros Journey

The Approach to the Inmost Cave in the Hero's Journey This article is part of our series on the heros journey, starting with The Heros Journey Introduction and The Archetypes of the Heros Journey. Approach to the Inmost Cave The hero has adjusted to the special world and goes on to seek its heart, the inmost cave. She passes into an intermediate zone with new threshold guardians and tests. She approaches the place where the object of the quest is hidden and where she will encounter supreme wonder and terror, according to Christopher Voglers The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure. She must use every lesson learned to survive. The hero often has disheartening setbacks while approaching the cave. She is torn apart by challenges, which allow her to put herself back together in a more effective form for the ordeal to come. She discovers she must get into the minds of those who stand in her way, Vogler says. If she can understand or empathize with them, the job of getting past them or absorbing them becomes much easier. The approach encompasses all the final preparations for the ordeal. It brings the hero to the stronghold of the opposition, where she needs to use every lesson she has learned. Dorothy and her friends, Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion face a series of obstacles, enter a second special world (Oz) with its own unique guardians and rules, and are given the impossible task of entering the inmost cave, the Wicked Witch’s castle. Dorothy is warned of the supreme danger in this quest and becomes aware that she is challenging a powerful status quo. There is an eerie region around the inmost cave where it is clear that the hero has entered shaman’s territory on the edge of life and death, Vogler writes. Scarecrow is torn apart; Dorothy is flown off to the castle by monkeys, very like a shaman’s dream journey. The approach raises the stakes and rededicates the team to its mission. The urgency and life-or-death quality of the situation are underscored. Toto escapes to lead the friends to Dorothy. Dorothy’s intuition knows she must call on the help of her allies. The reader’s assumptions about the characters are turned upside down as they see each person exhibit surprising new qualities that emerge under the pressure of approach. The villains headquarters are defended with fierceness. Dorothys allies express misgivings, encourage each other, and plan their attack. They get into the skins of the guards, enter the castle, and use force, the Tin Man’s ax, to chop Dorothy out, but theyre soon blocked in all directions.

Complex Care Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Complex Care Assignment - Case Study Example The impulse produced is then represented by a pattern that shows the dysfunction ie whether it is total obstruction (Mi) or partial (angina).for many angina patients, the ECG is usually normal.ECG is only carried out on patients with stable angina. Echocardiogram is where sound waves are utilized to check for the condition of the heart. The waves produce images that are then used to visualize whether there are blockages or damages to the heart arterials. This depends on the x ray imaging. It is part of cardiac catheterization used in checking for blood vessels in the heart. This has also been used in evaluation of the lungs where there is accumulation of fluids in chest cavity. Measures flow of blood to myocardium at rest and during stress. This resembles regular stress test but in nuclear, a radioactive component is injected to the bloodstream (Mommersteeg et al., 2013). A scanner is used for detecting and creating images of the heart muscle. Deficient flow is indicated by light spots on the images. Beta blockers block the effects of hormone epinephrine such as adrenaline while prasugrel and ticagrel prevent blood from clotting, On the other hand, statins cholesterol levels in blood. Calcium channel blockers which relax and widens blood vessels (Mommersteeg et al., 2013). How Myocardial Infarction might progress to Acute Pulmonary Oedema. Acute pulmonary oedema is caused by high hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries as a result of increased pulmonary pressure in the veins. Myocardial infarction causes accumulation of fluids in the alveoli of the lungs. These fluids have low concentrations of proteins and can also be found in the interstitium. There is always frequent complaint of cough as well as pink, frothy sputum. Moreover, there may be hoarseness caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from mitral stenosis and perhaps chest pain that alerts physicians to the likeliness of acute myocardial infarction. In addition, there may be other

Family Planning among Teenagers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Planning among Teenagers - Term Paper Example The provision of family planning services to a minor depends on the legal concept of â€Å"personal representative.† According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2003), a personal representative is a person who has the legal authority to make health care decisions on behalf of the individual as in the case of minors (n.p.). Parents are often the personal representatives of minor children; thus, parents have the right to obtain health information about a minor child. However, the Privacy Rule specifies three circumstances in which certain minors can obtain specified health care without parental consent such as when the State or law does not require parental consent when obtaining particular health services (e.g., mental health treatment), when the court determines other authority rather than the parents to make treatment decisions for the minor, and when the parent to confidential relat ionship between the minor and the physician (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003, n.p.). In the case study presented, the 14-year-old teenager in an unemancipated minor with parents acting as the legal authority. ... A physician can prevent the transfer of billing/insurance information to reach parents by letting the minors use the option of requesting restrictions on disclosure of confidential communications. 2. What is the normal age range for menarche? According to Pillitteri (2009), the normal or usual age range for menarche is 9 to 17 years with average age of onset at 12.4 years (p. 99). The 14-year-old female in the case study experienced menarche at age 13 and thus, falls within the normal range. 3. What are some common treatments for dysmenorrhea? In the case study presented, the teenager stated that she experiences pain when she has her menses. The teenager also stated that the pain is occasionally bad enough that she misses school. The teenager suffers from a condition called dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation where treatment measures are geared towards pain relief and development of coping strategies. Treatment measures are grouped into three, namely: administration of low-dose oral contraceptives or Depo-Provera to suppress endometrium, administration of prostaglandin inhibitors or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain, and initiation of lifestyle changes. Patients treated with NSAIDs are usually prescribed to take Ibuprofen 400-800 mg or Naproxen 250-500 mg both three times a day (Ricci & Kyle, 2009, 94). In addition, patients treated with NSAIDs must be advised to take it with meals, cautioned against taking with aspirin or alcohol, and watched for signs of GI bleeding. Meanwhile, low-dose contraceptives are taken daily with advice to take active pills for an extended period of time to reduce the number of monthly cycles while the 150 mg of Depo-Provera is administered intramuscularly every 12th week with information that one could be

The Breakfast Club Essay Example for Free

The Breakfast Club Essay The plot follows five students at fictional Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois as they report for Saturday detention on March 24, 1984. While not complete strangers, the five teenagers are each from a different clique or social group. The five students Allison, Andrew, Bender, Brian, and Claire who seem to have nothing in common at first, come together at the high school library, where they are harangued and ordered not to speak or move from their seats by the antagonistic principal, Richard Vernon (Paul Gleason). They are to remain for a period of eight hours and fifty-four minutes (from 7:06 A.M. to 4 P.M., the only indication of time being on a clock that is 20 minutes fast). He assigns a 1,000 word essay (in which each student must write about who he or she thinks they are) and then leaves them mostly unsupervised, returning only occasionally to check on them. Bender, who has a particularly negative relationship with Mr. Vernon, disregards the rules and riles the other students; mocking Brian and Andrew, and sexually harassing Claire. Allison remains oddly quiet except for the occasional random outburst. The students pass the hours in a variety of ways. Gradually they open up to each other and reveal their inner secrets (for example, Allison is a compulsive liar, Bender comes from an abusive household and Brian and Claire are ashamed of their virginity). They also discover that they all have strained relationships with their parents and are afraid of making the same mistakes as the adults around them. However, despite these developing friendships the students are afraid that once the detention is over, they will return to their very different cliques and never speak to each other again. At the request and consensus of the students, Brian is asked to write the essay Mr. Vernon assigned earlier (the subject of which was to be a synopsis by each student detailing who you think you are), which challenges Mr. Vernon and his preconceived judgments about all of them. Brian does so, but instead of writing about the actual topic he writes a very motivating letter that is in essence, the main point of the story. He signs the essay as The Breakfast Club and leaves it at the table for Mr. Vernon to read when they leave. There are two versions of this letter, one read at the beginning and one at the end, which are slightly different; illustrating the change in the students judgments of one another and their realization that they truly have things in common.

Dolphin Assisted Therapy :: essays research papers fc

Dolphin assisted therapy (DAT) is a highly controversial topic in the medical world. Is it medicine or simply recreation? Whatever you might believe, you cannot deny the fact that dolphins are loving and nurturing mammals with the ability to show compassion. Along with that ability for compassion, some may claim that there is actual science, which proves that interactions with dolphins have helped to treat many patients. Most of the patients in dolphin assisted therapy are children with autism, Down's syndrome, depression, and other neurological and movement disorders. (http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9803/28/dolphin.therapy/index.html) The theory behind dolphin assisted therapy is based on two philosophies. One of these is that the unconditional love and support a dolphin has to offer can benefit children and mentally ill patients in many ways. As with most animals, a dolphin seems to have human-like emotions, so a deep trusting bond can develop between patient and mammal. Some proponents of dolphin assisted therapy claim that the compassion a dolphin displays increases the patient’s self-confidence, because the patient is never judged. Increased self-confidence can lead to better social skills and academic improvement. (http://www.ulst.ac.uk/papa/dolphin.html) The second part of the theory involves a more scientific approach. It involves echolocation (echolocation: a high-pitched sound sent out by the dolphin that bounces off an object and returns to the whale. The dolphin interprets the returning echo to determine the object’s shape, direction, distance, and texture). (http://www.zoomdinasaurs.com/subjects/whales/glossary/Echolocation.shtml ) Some say that the dolphins’ use of sonar and echolocation produce changes in the body tissue and cell structure of patients who associate with them. Others believe that sound waves emitted by the dolphins in communication and echolocation stimulate healing. (http://www.idw.org/healing.html) A diminishing of anxiety and depression, enhanced learning in handicapped children, and pain relief are all attributed, by some researchers, to dolphin echolocation (http://www.interspecies.org/dolphin.human/research ). Echolocation is also thought to help increase attention span, develop motor skill s, and develop better co-ordination in children (http://www.ulst.ac.uk/papa/dolphin.html). Although dolphin assisted therapy has many supporters, it also has a large number of critics. They say dolphin assisted therapy is an advertised miracle along with a hefty fee. Dr. Bernard Rimland, director of the Autism Research Institute in San Diego says, â€Å"There is no scientific evidence at all that using dolphins is helpful†¦. It’s a recreational thing.† Michael Westerveld, a pediatirc neuropsychologist at Yale University’s School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, said â€Å"If there is any success, I’d be more likely inclined to attribute it to the general effects of†¦.

Senior Science Half Yearly Revision

Senior Science Half-Yearly Revision 1. Surface tension – A property of the surface of a liquid. It is what causes the surface portion of liquid to be attracted to another surface, such as that of another portion of liquid. Surface tension is caused by cohesion (the attraction of molecules to like molecules). Since the molecules on the surface of the liquid are not surrounded by like molecules on all sides, they are more attracted to their neighbours on the surface. Mercury has a high surface tension. The meniscus of water is concave whilst the meniscus of mercury is convex. When a water strider is on the surface of the fluid, the surface under tension will behave like an elastic membrane. There will be a small depression on the surface of the water. The vertical components of the forces by the molecules on the object will balance out the weight of the object. 2. Biomaterials are special materials that are biocompatible. They are able to function in contact with the living tissue with minimal rejection from the body. A biomedical device are implants that are engineered from biomaterial and designed to perform specific functions of the body. Titanium alloy – low-density, non-toxic, biocompatible, strong, and non-corrosive. Plastics (polymers) – biocompatible, not-toxic, non-corrosive, smooth, flexible, and low-density. 3. Muscles – Muscles look like bundles of pale pink tissue which pull the bone. Tendons – Tendons are shiny white tissues at the ends of the muscles that attach muscles to bones. Ligaments – Ligaments connect bones to other bones at joints. They look like a shiny white covering of the joint surfaces. Cartilage – Between the bones is another shiny white material that is slippery. This is cartilage, which helps the bones move without grinding against one another, or without causing trauma. 4. Why is it important for detergents to be biodegradable – Non-biodegradable detergents could build up in waterways and cause significant and long-term damage. Biodegradable can be broken down by the action of living things like bacteria and other microbes. 5. Transdermal Patches – Slow and steady drug release directly into the bloodstream is the main benefit of skin patches. The drug is encased in a polymer which slowly releases the drug. E. g. Nicotine patches. Subdermal Implants – Devices implanted under the skin are also being developed to deliver drugs at a controlled rate. E. g. Contraceptives. It consists of six flexible silicon tubes filled with a five-year supply of the contraceptive hormone. It is implanted in the upper arm, and small amounts of the hormone continuously seep through the permeable tubes into the bloodstream. 6. Water is important in making medicines because generally, the more water soluble a drug, the quicker will be its absorption. It can be administered orally (as solutions, or in capsules or tablets) and by injection. Water acts as a solvent. . What causes the sound of a heartbeat – The first heart sound (lub) is caused by the acceleration and deceleration of blood and a vibration of the heart at the time of the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves. The second heart sound (dub) is caused by the same acceleration and deceleration of blood and vibrations at the time of closure of the pulmonic an d aortic valves. Basically, the sound comes from the heart valves closing. 8. Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids. Surfactants improve water's ability to wet things, spread over surfaces, and seep into dirty clothes fibres. One end of their molecule is attracted to water, while the other end is attracted to dirt and grease. So the surfactant molecules help water to get a hold of grease, break it up, and wash it away. Soaps and detergents are both emulsifying agents and surfactants. 9. Colloid – a type of mixture in which one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another. Particles that remain suspended for a long time. Suspension – a mixture containing particles that settle out or form layers. Particles that settle out or form layers. Solute – the substance to be dissolved. Solvent – the substance in which to be dissolved in. Solution – a group of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Dissolved substances. Mixture – is when two or more different substances are mixed together but not combined chemically. 10. Non-invasive medical techniques – X-ray and Ultrasound. Advantages – does make an incision into the skin and short or no hospital stay. Disadvantages – may not be able to detect all problems. Minimally invasive – Keyhole surgery and Angioplasty. Advantages – get a detailed diagnostic report. Disadvantages – long hospital stay. 11. Hydrophilic – refers to a physical property of a molecule that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through hydrogen bonding. Heads stick in the water, tails stick out of the water. Hydrophobic – is the physical property of a molecule that is repelled from a mass of water. Tails stick in the water, heads stick out of the water. 12. If plaque or fats get deposited in the arteries, it slowly blocks blood from flowing freely to the heart. Plaque deposits that have built up inside arteries can be reduced by the technique called angioplasty. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a balloon catheter, is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size. The balloon crushes the fatty deposits, so opening up the blood vessel to improved flow, and the balloon is then collapsed and withdrawn. 13. Lubricants: Use – Reduces friction between moving parts. Precautions – Some are flammable-keep away from flames. Pesticides: Use – Kills pests. Precautions – Toxic-do not swallow, inhale or spill on skin. Solvents: Use – Dissolves dirt on clothes, turpentine to clean paintbrushes, oven cleaners to dissolve fat. Precautions – Some are flammable and toxic. Drain and oven cleaners are corrosive and will burn skin badly. Do not swallow, inhale or spill on skin. Cosmetics: Use – Perfumes to produce a fragrant and pleasant scent. Make-up to change appearance. Hair gel to change a particular hairstyle. Precautions – May cause an allergic reaction in susceptible people. Sprays may be dangerous to inhale. Preservatives: Use – Prevent bacteria growing in food. Precautions – May cause illness if eaten. Sulphur dioxide may cause asthma. May cause learning difficulties. 14. Diagram of the Heart 15. Parts of the Digestive System 16. The pH of the stomach is between 2 -3. This acidic condition will help kill bacteria and mix the food with digestive juices. The pH of the small intestine is between 7. 5-8. This alkaline condition helps in complete digestion and absorption of the food. 17. Role of skin – Helps maintain a constant body temperature. Micro-flora – Protects the body from disease. 18. Water-soluble vitamins: 8 B vitamins and vitamin C. Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamins A, D, E and K. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water, and in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. Because they are not readily stored, consistent daily intake is important. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids (fats). They are more likely to accumulate in the body.

Oriflame Direct Marketing Strategy Essay

Oriflame is a cosmetics company, founded in Sweden in the year of 1967 by two brothers Jonas af Jochnick and Robert af Jochnick. The company’s main products are personal care, accessories and nutritional products with over approximately 1000 cosmetics products. The products are priced in higher range and promise higher value to customers through a more customized and personalized approach for product and service offerings, distribution processes tailored to meet the needs of customers, and the opportunity to build customer loyalty. The logo of the company ‘Oriflame Sweden’ gives a feel of expensive Swedish cosmetics. ORIFLAME’S MARKETING STRATEGY The marketing strategy adopted by Oriflame is Direct Marketing or Network Marketing. It is one of the largest companies to sell through direct marketing through an independent sales force of over 3.6 million sales consultants in more than 60 countries worldwide with annual sales exceeding some â‚ ¬1.5 billion. Network Marketing or Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) is a strategy which allows the parent multi-level company to market and distribute their products or/and service, directly to the consumer by direct selling in a non-permanent retail location and grow the network through relationship referrals. These sales are done through independent, unsalaried Sales Consultants (full time or part time) who represent the company and make commission based on the volume of sales. The sales consultants often build their own organisation by recruiting a down-line of other independent distributors, who perform the same job; and as a result the entire organisation expands. As a consultant they earn commission not only based on their own sales, but also on the entire sales of the down-line group. This strategy has a very low distribution cost and also offers a leading business opportunity to people. This unique business concept – ‘Make Money Today and Fulfil Your Dreams Tomorrow’ goes with the brand promise of the company ‘Your Dreams, Our Inspiration’ Oriflame implements this strategy with frequent regular catalogues along with frequent, short-term price promotions and cross-sell campaigns. The details of the strategy are as follows 1) Independent sales consultants team who directly get in touch with end consumers with hard copy of catalogue 2) Marketing through owners of beauty parlours to increase customer reach 3) Face-to-face interaction with live demos about usage and benefits of the products 4) Samples at low prices or free samples with some purchase to try the product first and then purchase as buying expensive cosmetic products is a high involvement decision. 5) Direct mails to consumers which includes catalogues, offers 6) Online catalogue and offer details on company website. A typical online catalogue is as below 7) Promoting existing consultants to add more consultants and grow the sales network. This also helps Oriflame in increasing loyal customer base as consultants buy Oriflame products for their personal use and for their family. The process of becoming an Oriflame Consultant is an easy process. It includes following steps 8) Oriflame also promotes its consultants to increase the sales by giving different incentives like international travel, gifts and other promotional tactics. For example, this year’s major attraction is Gold Conference in London in 2015 9) Offline and online makeup tutorials and guidance about health and health & beauty care

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Cottingham

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Cottingham Richard Cottingham was a serial rapist and killer that used the streets of New York and New Jersey as his hunting ground in the 1970s. Known for being particularly cruel, Cottingham earned the nickname The Torso Killer because he would sometimes mutilate the body of his victims, leaving just their torso intact. Early Life Relocating to a new school in the seventh grade proved to be socially challenging for Cottingham. He attended St. Andrews, a co-ed parochial school, and spent a lot of his after-school time friendless and at home with his mother and two siblings. It was not until he entered Pascack Valley High School, that he had friends. After graduating from high school, Cottingham went to work as a computer operator at his fathers insurance company, Metropolitan Life. He stayed there for two years and then moved to Blue Cross Blue Shield, also as a computer operator. First Kill and The Family Man Cottingham abducted Carr  from her apartment parking lot, took her to a hotel where he raped, tortured, and murdered her, and left her body at Ledgewood Terrace. In 1974, Cottingham, who was now the father of a baby boy, was arrested and charged with robbery, sodomy, and sexual assault in New York City, but the charges were dropped. Over the next three years, Janet gave birth to two more children- a boy and a girl. Soon after their last child was born, Cottingham began an extramarital affair with a woman named Barbara Lucas. The relationship lasted for two years, ending in 1980. Throughout their affair, Cottingham was raping, killing and mutilating women. Killing Spree March 22, 1978: New York City- Kidnapped, drugged and raped Karen Schilt, age 31.October 13, 1978: Hackensack, New Jersey- Drugged, tortured and raped prostitute Susan Geiger who was pregnant.December 2, 1979: New York City- Tortured and murdered Deedeh Goodarzi, 23, and â€Å"Jane Doe,† an unidentified woman in her 20s. The two women were found in a room at the Travel Inn Motel Hotel, bound together, raped, tortured and murdered. Cottingham mutilated their bodies, removed their hands and heads, then set fire to the hotel room.May 4, 1980: Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey- Valerie Ann Street, 19, was found at the Quality Inn Motel, naked, beaten, and with multiple cuts on one of her breasts.May 12, 1980: Teaneck, New Jersey- Drugged, beaten, and with several bite marks on her body, Pamela Weisenfeld was found in a parking lot.May 15, 1980: New York City- Jean Reyner, 25, was raped, stabbed, mutilated and strangled to death in a room at the Hotel Seville in New York City.May 22, 1980: Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey- Feeling invincible, Cottingham returned to the Quality Inn Motel with Leslie O’Dell, 18, where he raped, beat, tortured and tried to kill her, however, he was interrupted by hotel security. Finally Busted A search of a private room in Cottinghams home turned up various personal items linking him to his victims. The handwriting on hotel receipts was also matched to his handwriting. He was charged in New York City with a triple homicide (Mary Ann Jean Reyner, Deedeh Goodarzi and â€Å"Jane Doe†) and on 21 counts in New Jersey, plus additional charges for the murder of Maryann Carr. Courtroom Drama and Sentence During the New Jersey trial, Cottingham testified that since he was a child he was fascinated with bondage. But this monster who often demanded that his victims call him master showed no backbone when faced with the prospect of spending the rest of his life in prison. Three days after he was found guilty of the New Jersey murders he attempted suicide in his cell by drinking liquid antidepressants. Then a few days before the New York verdict he attempted suicide by cutting his left forearm with a razor in front of the jury. Ironically, this master of mutilation could not master his own suicide Cottingham is currently housed at the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey.

What Is Diaspora

What Is Diaspora Diaspora is a community of people from the same homeland who have been scattered or have migrated to other lands. While most often associated with the Jewish people expelled from the Kingdom of Israel in the 6th century BCE, the diaspora of many ethnic groups is found around the world today. Diaspora Key Takeaways A diaspora is a group of people who have been forced from or chosen to leave their homeland to settle in other lands.People of a diaspora typically preserve and celebrate the culture and traditions of their homeland.Diaspora may be created by voluntary emigration or by force, as in the cases of wars, slavery, or natural disasters. Diaspora Definition The term diaspora comes from the Greek verb diaspeirÃ…  meaning â€Å"to scatter† or â€Å"to spread about.† As first used in Ancient Greece, diaspora referred to people of dominant countries who voluntarily emigrated from their homelands to colonize conquered countries.  Today, scholars recognize two kinds of diaspora: forced and voluntary. Forced diaspora often arises from traumatic events such as wars, imperialistic conquest, or slavery, or from natural disasters like famine or extended drought. As a result, the people of a forced diaspora typically share feelings of persecution, loss, and desire to return to their homeland. In contrast, a voluntary diaspora is a community of people who have left their homelands in search of economic opportunity, as in the massive emigration of people from depressed regions of Europe to the United States during the late 1800s. Unlike diaspora created by force, voluntary immigrant groups, while also maintaining close cultural and spiritual links to their countries of origin, are less likely to wish to return to them permanently. Instead, they take pride in their shared experience and feel a certain social and political â€Å"strength-in-numbers.† Today, the needs and demands of large diaspora often influence government policy ranging from foreign affairs and economic development to immigration.   The Jewish Diaspora The origins of the Jewish diaspora date to 722 BCE, when the Assyrians under King Sargon II conquered and destroyed the Kingdom of Israel. Cast into exile, the Jewish inhabitants were scattered throughout the Middle East. In 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE, Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II deported large numbers of Jews from the Kingdom of Judah but allowed them to remain in a unified Jewish community in Babylon. Some of the Judean Jews chose to flee to Egypt’s Nile Delta. By 597 BCE, the Jewish diaspora was scattered among three distinct groups: one in Babylon and other less-settled parts of the Middle East, another in Judaea, and another group in Egypt. In 6 BCE, Judea came under Roman rule. While they allowed the Judeans to retain their Jewish king, the Roman governors maintained real control by restricting religious practices, regulating trade, and imposing ever-higher taxes on the people. In 70 CE, the Judeans launched a revolution which ended tragically in 73 BCE with the Roman siege of the Jewish fort of Masada. After destroying Jerusalem, the Romans annexed Judaea and drove the Jews from Palestine. Today, the Jewish diaspora is spread throughout the world. The African Diaspora During the Atlantic Slave Trade of the 16th to 19th centuries, as many as 12 million people in Western and Central Africa were taken captive and shipped to the Americas as slaves. Made up mainly of young men and women in their childbearing years, the native African diaspora grew rapidly. These displaced people and their descendants greatly influenced the culture and politics of the American and other New World colonies. In reality, the massive African diaspora had begun centuries before the slave trade as millions of Sub-Saharan Africans migrated to parts of Europe and Asia in search of employment and economic opportunity. Today, descendants of the native African diaspora maintains and celebrates its shared culture and heritage in communities around the world. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, nearly 46.5 million people of the African diaspora lived in the United States in 2017. The Chinese Diaspora The modern Chinese Diaspora began in the mid-19th century. During the 1850s to the 1950s, large numbers of Chinese workers left China in search of jobs in Southeast Asia. From the 1950s through the 1980s, wars, starvation, and political corruption in mainland China shifted the destination of Chinese diaspora to more industrialized areas including North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Driven by the demand for cheap manual labor in these countries, most of these migrants were unskilled workers. Today, the growing Chinese diaspora has evolved into a more advanced â€Å"multi-class and multi-skilled† profile needed to satisfy the demands of the high-tech globalized economy. The current Chinese diaspora is estimated to consist of some 46 million ethnic Chinese living outside China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau. Sources Vertovec, Steven. The Political Importance of Diasporas. Migration Policy Institute. (June 1, 2005).â€Å"Ancient Jewish History: The Diaspora† Jewish Virtual Library.â€Å"National African-American History Month: February 2017† U.S. Census Bureau.â€Å"Chinese Diaspora Across the World: A General Overview† Academy for Cultural Diplomacy.

Supervisory Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Supervisory Management - Coursework Example But at times when they make decision-making errors and then further they fail to handle the problem. The biggest reason behind their premature attitude is that they do not follow the proper "Decision Analysis Process" or the "Problem Solving Process". That is they firstly fail to recognize the problem, i.e. the manager fails to analyze the problem in detail and then does not allocate number of solution to it. Further, then the manager should decide one solution that perfectly matches and provide the best possible advantage. Further after the decision is made and the course of action is done a proper feedback is necessary to judge its effectiveness and then finally judge the impact of each decision on the problem itself or evaluate the result. Apart from the process the manager himself should have the major characteristics like the overall managerial leadership skills, good relationship with higher level executives and the peers or subordinates, effectiveness in management practices and they solve problems and gain their achievable goals. 2. Discuss the following statement: It's better for a manger to try to carry out a poor decision for the sake of worker confidence. You can't build worker confidence by continually admitting the poor decision you make. The workers or the labor force confidence in the business or in the management is really important because if these workers will be motivated towards their job it would lead to higher productivity and a good repute for an organization. Because when a worker will be given high incentives and his those strategies would be adopted that would increase the workers belief, it would lead to employee loyalty and there would be less chances of switching, low absenteeism, low turnover and would ultimately lead to satisfied and productive workers. While, if the manger is trying to satisfy the workers it could also result in company's low profits and revenue, and the basic motive of the profit organizations is to increase their productive capabilities so they can enjoy higher turnover. But is the manager fails and keeps making such decisions that would be damaging for the organization and would ultimately be a poor decision. Hence, the manager should adopt such strategies and decision that prov e to be benefit for both the organization and the workers so that both could be equally satisfied and best results could be achieved. 3. What are the pros and cons of decisions made by groups such as committees and tasks forces as compared to decisions made by one person Decision making is one of the most critical and tricky work and decisions are made on daily basis both by groups as well as individuals. There are certain advantages in both the two types, but decision made by groups hold more importance because working in group combines strength, skills among all the members and therefore it would lead to a better performance as compared to individual. Because an individual when making a decision would only look at one factor which he would consider right and he alone could not think of all other factors that could result in a specific problem. This states that a group leads to diverse and innovative ideas. Group decisions are also free from biasness because it requires every group member contribution while an individual decision could be affected by personal belonging or