Global Warming and other Ecology Issues; The Energy Crunch Essay

An unnatural weather change and other Ecology Issues; The Energy Crunch - Essay Example These gases permit daylight to infiltrate the air at that point trap a portion of the sunlight based vitality which warms the earth (Breuer, 1980). It is a fragile equalization and in light of the fact that these ozone harming substances have been falsely expanded by man-made sources, more develop in the air has happened in this manner catching a greater amount of the sun’s vitality and reflecting less back in to space. This event is making the earth warm. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the most pervasive of the ozone depleting substances. Despite the fact that deforestation is contributing vigorously to the abundance of CO2 in the environment, a bigger segment is brought about by the consuming of petroleum products, for example, oil and coal. Non-renewable energy sources are scorched by processing plants, vehicles and power creating power plants to give some examples sources. Other ozone depleting substances incorporate methane, which is discharged when vegetation is copied during land clearing, during oil investigation exercises and the coal-mining process; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which is the substance that cools fridges and gives the impetus in airborne jars and nitrous oxide (N2O) which is the lesser reason for CO2 (Breuer, 1980). It is produced from both man-made and characteristic procedures. Despite the fact that alerts about the human created reasons for an improved nursery impact and the resulting disastrous results have been sounded for more than 100 years, a worldwide temperature alteration has as of late become a significant political issue. One would need to think about what tremendous issues this will cause not exclusively to individuals and property yet to the wellbeing of the worldwide economy in general. Whole segments of different nations will be compelled to relinquish their homes and organizations. The procedure will be a moderate and painful one. Agribusiness movement, land masses and the very air we inhale will experience the ill effects of the impacts of a dangerous atmospheric devation. The inquiry before us is, are we stewards of our earth and will we safeguard it for future

Measuring Top Incomes Using Tax Record Data -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Measuring Top Incomes Using Tax Record Data? Answer: Presentation The current contextual investigation depends on the ascertainemt of the private status of Minh identifying with the personal expense reason. Furthermore, the contextual analysis will decide the private status affecting the appraisal of pay got from Malaysian and the pay from interest in Australia. The contextual analysis of Minh opens with the station the circumstance that the Minh was conceived in Malaysia and completed her business exercises. In the later piece of June 2016, she was conceded with the Visa of working in Australia and she showed up with her family with the likely of goal of in the long run relocating and beginning a business. An example was seen where Minh purchased a home in Melbourne and dwelled with her accomplice and youngsters with her kids being taken a crack at the neighborhood school of Melbourne. As the general jurisdictional guideline expressed under segment 6-5 (2), (6-10 (4) of the ITAA 1997 inhabitants are for the most part evaluated on dependent on the normal salary and legal pay got from all the sources (Woellner et al. 2016). Likewise as expressed under area 6-5 (3) (an) and 6-10 (5) (an) of the ITAA 1997 a remote inhabitant or non-occupant of Australia are surveyed dependent on their common and legal pay created from the Australian sources. As per the definition expressed under the segment 995-1 of the ITAA 1997 and under segment 6-(1) of the ITAA 1997 an occupant or Australian inhabitant for tax collection reason speaks to an individual living in Australia and involves the individual that has the house in Australia (Barkoczy 2016). An Australian occupant speak to an inhabitant that has been living in Australia either continually or discontinuously for the greater part of the salary year except if the official of tax collection is content that the people normal spot of home is out of Australia and has no expectation of relocating to Australia (Vann 2016). So as to decide the domiciliary situation of Minh three elective test will be led with regards to whether Minh will be treated as Australian occupant for tax collection reason; these choices test incorporates Residency test as per conventional ideas Residence test The multi day test Dwells Test as indicated by normal ideas: The primary test that is directed in deciding the private status of an individual is whether an individual Resides in Australia (Barkoczy 2017). On fulfilling, the test there is no further need of directing any further test for surveying the domiciliary situation of a person. On fulfilling the Resides test, the individual will be viewed as the occupant of Australia with the end goal of expense. The term Reside speak to live forever or for a significant period. The inquiry identifying with certainty and degree is clarified on account of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Miller (1946) where the subject of actuality and degree is dependent on the conditions of case (Tan, Braithwaite and Reinhar 2016). The Reside Test takes into the thought the quality and the character of a people activities when the individual was available in Australia. Furthermore tax assessment administering of TR 98/17 in deciding the private status of a person under the Resides Test considers; The citizens regular reason and aim of quality in Australia The business and family ties of the citizen in Australia Caring for and area of the citizens resources. The citizens collective and physical game plan Time until when the citizen was truly present in Australia likewise frames the applicable factor in deciding the private status anyway the timeframe can't be viewed as the impeding variable (Braithwaite 2017). As obvious from the contextual investigation of Minh, relocated to Australia in the long run with the aim of likely moving and beginning her business exercises. It was noticed that she purchased a home in Melbourne where she lived with her accomplice and youngsters. As held on account of Macrea v Macrea (1949) a vagrant that settles with the family in Australia would be for the most part viewed as living in Australia from the date of the people appearance in Australia (Davis et al. 2015). Despite of the way that the people business or individual intrigue may require the person in question to be missing from Australia for an all-encompassing period. For example an individual relocating to Australia with his better half and kids and purchased a home in Australia. The individual holds the business in his country of cause a regularly comes back to the nation of beginning for completing the business exercises for 2 or 3 months in a year (Saad 2014). Normally the individual would be respec ted to be living in Australia regardless of the abroad nonattendance. So also, on account of Minh she has moved from Malaysia to Australia and has bought a home in Melbourne where she lived with her accomplice and youngsters. She comes back to Kuala Lumpur for doing the business exercises. Minh won't be treated as living arrangement in regard of the conventional ideas for the salary year 2016-17 since she has not taken up the living arrangement for all time. The residency status of Minh and her kids is an autonomous and separate issue. Residence Test: Residence is resolved in regard of the Domicile Act 1982. An individual is viewed as the Australian inhabitant given their house or spot of dwelling place is Australia (Miller and Oats 2016). An individual isn't viewed as an Australian occupant just the situation being what it is the point at which the official is content that the individual spot of living arrangement is out of Australia. Home identifying with decision of nation speaks to the conditions where the citizen plans to make their home inconclusively. As clear from the present contextual investigation of Minh, she has the perpetual spot of home outside of Australia in Malaysia be that as it may; she initially relocated from Malaysia to Australia with inevitable aim of living in Australia until further notification and initiating her business. She even purchased a home in Melbourne and her span or progression of essence in abroad nation was broken discontinuously (Mihaylov et al. 2015). Refering to the reference of FCT v App legate (1979) Minh has not relinquished any of her home or spot of abiding in Australia and comes back to Australia in the wake of doing her business in Malaysia. As indicated by the choice expressed by the court on account of Henderson v Henderson (1965), an individual keeps up the residence of the nation of their root aside from an individual gets a home in another nation (Burton and Karlinsky 2016.). Taking into the contemplations the cases acquired from the present contextual investigation it very well may be expressed that Minh isn't an Australian inhabitant for charge reason in regard of the Domicile Act 1982. Significantly, doubtlessly they are Australian inhabitant yet the residency status of Minh and her kids are free during the salary year 2016-17. Along these lines, she can't be held inhabitant for tax assessment reason under the habitation test. Furthermore, she has no aim of taking up the residency in Australia. The 183-day Test: A person under the 183 days test is viewed as the Australian tenant if the individual has really be available in Australia either ceaselessly or in breaks for more than one portion of the pay year (Davison, Monotti and Wiseman 2015). A special case to this standard is that an individual won't be considered as the Australian inhabitant if the individual fulfills the official of tax assessment that if, his typical spot of staying is out of Australia and has no motivation behind taking up the residency of Australia. The 183 days test is useful in deciding if an individual has started living in Australia. As apparent from the present circumstance of Minh, it is seen that she has just go through 120 days in Australia. An individual is viewed as the Australian occupant given the individual has effectively met the measures of 183 days and meets the meaning of the inhabitant in regard to the subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1997. Notwithstanding, a significant declaration can be purchased forward by expressing that an individual under the 183 days test is possibly viewed to hold as occupant if an individual has been available and living in Australia for over a half year of the time of salary (Grudnoff 2015). Minh in this angle has not been introduced in Australia for progressively one portion of the salary and as aftereffect of this for the year 2016-17 she can't be viewed as occupant of Australia with the end goal of assessment. On a decisive note, a declaration can be purchased forward by expressing that Minh residency will be considered as isolated and autonomous issue. She can't be considered as Australian inhabitant for tax collection reason since she has not met the rules of Resident regarding the customary idea, home test and 183 days test. All the more critically the residency status of Minh is free and unmistakable subject. As indicated by the judgment expressed on account of Nathan v FCT (1918) in deciding the first wellspring of salary is viewed as reasonable and hard obvious certainty (Evans, Minas and Lim 2015). Alluding to the judgment of government court in United Aircraft Corp (1943), a business pay establish where the business is executed or where the products are sold. As obvious from the current circumstance of Minh, it is apparent that she isn't an Australian occupant for tax assessment reason during the pay year of 2016-17. Minh is respected to be outside inhabitant since the conduct identifying with the time spent in Australia neglects to mirror the degree of progression, routine or propensity, which is reliable with being an Australian occupant. The salary got from the Malaysian business will be exposed to burden including the duty rates and the retention sum (Burkhauser, Hahn and Wilkins 2015). Minh being an outside an occupant will be required to hold up the yearly Australian in

Finding My Mom Tribe in Comics

Finding My Mom Tribe in Comics I’ve always been an avid reader, and before I got pregnant, it was pretty normal for me to read 200â€"300 books a year. Pregnancy and motherhood, though, threw quite the wrench into that. Between constant nausea and tiredness that seeped into my very bones during pregnancy, and then the chaos of single motherhood (by choice), it was only natural that my reading volume was affected. As time has gone on, however, my reading habits have slowly gone (almost) back to normal, thanks to caffeine, a natural ability to read fast, and staying up too late. I’m often asked how I manage to read so much, but in addition to the factors mentioned above, it’s also this: I need to. I need to maintain my reading habits in order to stay sane, in order to still feel like myself. I love my son, but my life is larger than only motherhood. It includes work, friends, and reading. Reading has always, always been a huge part of my identity (which I’ve written about for Book Riot), and without it, it feels like a large part of myself is missing. The transition to motherhood was not easy (still is not easy, many times), and I have found solace in reading. As many women might admit, motherhood can be freaking lonely. It can be tedious and feel a bit like Groundhog Day, day after day after day, especially in those early months. Reading brought me comfort; losing myself in the stories of others broke up those hours in between feedings. When my son woke up 6 times a night and I barely slept, I would read. When I wondered what the hell I was thinking, doing this by myself, I read. When it started to become clear that my son had some developmental delays and I was scared and uncertain and sad, I read. What did I read? I read memoirs and essay collections of other mothers and women. I read fiction. I read nonfiction. I read criticism. But most surprisingly, I read comics and graphic novels. I was never a big comics fan beforeâ€"I read the occasional graphic novel (think Lucy Knisley), but never comics. I associated them with the Archie comics I read when I was a kid, or with teenage boys who had no friends (I’m sorry, but it’s trueâ€"and now I know how wrong I was to fall for that stereotype). I cannot, for the life of me, remember how exactly I got into comics, but I think it was Book Riot’s fault. On the social media platform we use, people were talking about Bitch Planet, and I joined the comics chat thread, and, as they say, the rest is history. I could be wrong about that, so don’t hold me to that story. It could have also started with Star Warsâ€"rediscovering the movies, and by default, falling into the comics community. What I do know is that I’ve only been reading comics for less than a year. Though I still feel like a newbie, I can say that the comics community, both online and at my local comic store, have been nothing but welcoming. Since becoming a mother, I have often felt lonely and adrift, but within the comics community, I have found my people. So what do I read? Bitch Planet. Ms Marvel. Captain Marvel. Wonder Woman. Lots of Wonder Woman. Slam!. Hi-Fi Fight Club. Lady Thor. Star Wars. Saga. Paper Girls. Supergirl. Lumberjanes. Faith. America Chavez. The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl. DC Bombshells. Jessica Jones. Yes, there is a themeâ€"kick ass women, among other things. The never-ending fight of good vs. evil. No doubt the events of the last election and the events since Inauguration Day have played a partâ€"never before has the saga of Star Wars held such relevance to me, with the rebellion/resistance and fighting the Dark Side. When motherhood and politics made it feel like life was getting really, really difficult, reading, especially reading comics, gave me hope and connection. I identified with Hippolyta from Themyscira when she wanted nothing more than a child, and wept on the beach (in Rucka’s run), despondent because she thought she would never be a mother. Diana, her daughter, known as Wonder Woman, embodies the intelligent, strong, fearless warrior I would like to beâ€"and would love my son to be. Alana and Marko from Saga, despite the fact that they are extraterrestrials, portray so many aspects of parenthood in an honest wayâ€"from the experience of birth and dealing with this new tiny creature that you’re responsible for, to finding a sitter and reckoning with in-laws and family. First introduced to her by her eponymous Netflix series, I was pleasantly surprised to read Bendis’s  Jessica Jones: Uncaged and see her as a mother. Despite all of her flaws (and she has many), Jessica Jones is that tough on the outside, tender on the inside, shit-talking, no-bullshit-taking woman that so many of us have become since 45 was elected. Hi-Fi Fight Club, set in 1998 in New Jersey, reminds me of my own adolescence in New Jersey, and I am a sucker for 80s and 90s nostalgia. Especially on those Friday nights where I’m elbow deep in diapers and watching Sesame Street with my son, wondering if I was always this boring. (Spoiler alert: no, I wasn’t.) I could go on and on, and I haven’t even touched the real-life women who have written these comicsâ€"Kelly Sue DeConnick, G. Willow Wilson, Carly Usdin, and Noelle Stevenson, among othersâ€"who inspire me. So how do I find the time to read? I have to. It’s a matter of survival. It is an act of self-preservation. I just never expected to find it in comics. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Informational Privacy And The Challenge Of Big Data

Informational Privacy and the Challenge of Big Data By analysing an â€Å"unprecedented breadth, depth, and scale† of data, Big Data may benefit society, discovering a positive relationship between therapeutic vitamin B use and delayed AIDS development and tracking the spread of influenza for instance. However, despite the benefits, there are significant privacy concerns surrounding the ability to provide informed consent considering Big Data’s aggregate and unpredictable character. For example, regarding the use of Big Data to track the spread of influenza, Google analysed search terms related to the virus and then plotted users’ locations, without notifying the users, thus arguably ignoring individual informational privacy. Accordingly, this essay will consider the importance of informational privacy and the potential harms resulting from Big Data use. It will be argued that the existing mechanisms are inadequate to address the informational privacy concerns surrounding Big Data. The Importance of Privacy While Egger’s protagonist Mae Holland stated that â€Å"Privacy is theft† on the grounds that maintaining a degree of personal privacy was seen to deprive others from the vicarious enjoyment of an individual’s personal experiences, it is submitted that privacy is vital to freedom of expression. By procuring an isolated area, free from public observation, individuals may develop new ideas that may improve society. Such ideas might not develop if subject to continua public orShow MoreRelatedSecurity And Control Of Privacy2089 Words   |  9 Pagespolitical transactions and interactions through cyberspace. In 2013, the human race produced over 28 million gigabytes of data everyday with 90% of the data currently in existence was generated in the last two years according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australians are considered to be one of the most connected peoples in the world. As human beings we value our privacy and the protection of our personal information. Security and control over accesses to our information is thus paramountRead MoreEssay On Puck App1676 Words   |  7 Pagesto the customer. I think there is a high hurdle in terms of you want my data? And why do you need my data, that will really put a damper on how the initial penetration rate for the app. But I think it’s really important to get our legs about us in terms of the understanding how an app could work, and to prepare ourselves to be aware of where the puck is going. Interviewer: (37:08) AT THE END OF THE DAY, DO YOU SEE THE PRIVACY CONCERNS AND CONSIDERATIONS AS BEING JUST THAT? THEY’RE NOT SHOWSTOPPERSRead MoreInformatics Is The Study And Practice Of Science And Technology1450 Words   |  6 Pagespractice of creating, storing, finding, manipulating and sharing information (Ong, 2014). Informatics turns data and information into knowledge that people can use everyday. In today’s world informatics is the bridge to all useful things; it helps to shape our relationships, our organizations and our world. Informatics is an every changing field. It uses computer science to help analyze big issues especially within healthcare. People using informatics are able to help solve problems that directlyRead MoreA Research Study And Practice Of Science And Technology1456 Words   |  6 Pagessharing information (Ong, 2014). In today’s world informatics is the bridge to all useful things; it helps to shape our relationships, our or ganizations and our world. Informatics is an every changing field. It uses computer science to help analyze big issues especially within healthcare. People using informatics are able to help solve problems that directly impact our lives and our society. We use informatics within healthcare. Health informatics is an evolving specialty that links informationRead MoreInformation Technology And Cloud Storage1258 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract A significantly large amounts of valuable data is generated daily. This data overflow requires large storage space; therefore, the use of cloud storage is necessary for facilitating today’s big storage demands. Cloud storage allows consumers to remotely store their information in a cloud computing environment without having to managing local hardware and software. In spite of the numerous benefits of moving to cloud storage, the development of the service certainly increases security risksRead MoreSocial Media And Health Care1407 Words   |  6 Pagesis a discussion about the use of social media in the healthcare settings due to its vulnerability. Even though social media is important for the healthcare development, the security issues will remain big concerns for the healthcare system. 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According to Heider (2009) â€Å"research suggests that early information literacy instruction, using informational texts and collaborative, teacher-librarian curriculum planning, promotes critical thinking and increases the ability to problem-solve—two skills necessary for survival in today’s Information Age† (p. 513) Problem solving is a skill that is transferableRead More The Ethical Concerns with Data Mining Essay2894 Words   |  12 PagesThe Ethical Concerns with Data Mi ning Introduction to Data Mining and Warehousing With the advent of computer technologies that can store large quantities of data, cross reference that data, and compute patterns in the data, benefits abound in many applications. However, with it comes new ethical concerns regarding the privacy and security of the persons or entities in which the information was sourced. While permission may have been received with each bit of information, which may haveRead MoreIs Privacy Law Trumps Telecommunication Law? Discuss?4398 Words   |  18 PagesQuestion: ?Privacy law trumps telecommunication law? Discuss. Answer: Telecommunication law content issues which raise privacy concerns are generally presumed to concern the protection of privacy information, and conversation between individuals. In case of telecommunication system call detail records, caller?s information, internet conversation details and many more are retained by government and commercial organisation for different legal and business purpose. When the data is retained by governmentRead MoreFundamentals Software Architecture7344 Words   |  30 PagesArchitecture Models 3 8.2 Data Architecture Models 3 8.3 Application Architecture Models 3 8.4 Technology Architecture Models 3 9 Rationale and Justification for Architectural Approach 3 10 Mapping to Architecture Repository 3 10.1 Mapping to Architecture Landscape 3 10.2 Mapping to Reference Models 3 10.3 Mapping to Standards 3 10.4 Re-Use Assessment 3 11 Target Architecture 3 11.1 Business Architecture Models 4 11.2 Data Architecture Models 4 11

DeVere or William Shakespeare Essay - 2835 Words

DeVere or Shakespeare? Abstract: The debate over the legitimacy of the authorship of Shakespearean works has been disputed for centuries. While many scholars have held beliefs that Shakespeares works have been written by figures such as Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, William Stanley, and others, the most heated debate today is between William Shakespeare and Edward DeVere, the Earl of Oxford. Each side of this debate has many followers, the Stratfordians, or those who claim Shakespeare to be the true author, and the Oxfordians who believe that true credit should go to DeVere. My paper, far from being a complete analysis of the possibilities of Shakespearean authorship, attempts to summarize and rationalize the†¦show more content†¦While the ideas of the true identity of Shakespeare have differed over the years in an almost trend-like fashion, a very popular idea has surfaced over the last century. The most prolific debate today is between the Stratfordians, or those who claim Shakespeare to be the true author, and the Oxfordians, those who claim Edward DeVere, Earl of Oxford, to be the true author. The first question to ask in such a circumstance is why doubt exists. For instance, no scholars question the works of writers and philosophers such as Montisqueu, Hobbes, or Locke. Why then, is there any question as to who wrote Shakespeare? It would seem to most people that the name on the plays should logically be the name of the author. Stratfordians claim exactly this fact as one of their strongest arguments. The only problem with this seemingly simplistic argument lies in the spelling differences between the man named Will Shakespere and the name written on the plays, William Shakespeare (Whalen 8). In fact, the records of (Shakesperes) lifetime almost always spelled his name Shakespere while the names on the plays were always spelled Shakespeare, about half the time with a hyphen which generally denoted a made up name or pseudonym (Whalen 8). Such a slight difference may seem insignificant, but for those who doubt authorship, this is a way of questioning the very basis of Strat fordian claims that authorship is inarguable, and introducing the possibility ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Shakespeare Authorship Debate1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Shakespeare Authorship Debate Although William Shakespeare is considered to be one of the most revered and well-renowned authors of all time, controversy surrounds the belief that he actually produced his own literary works. Some rumors even go so far as to question the reality of such a one, William Shakespeare, brought on by paralleling the quality of his pieces with his personal background and education. With such farfetched allegations, it persuaded others to peek into the person we allRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Man From Stratford On Avon2092 Words   |  9 Pagesauthorship of Shakespeare is one that has been argued for centuries. While there are various theories to suggest that William Shakespeare, the man from Stratford on Avon was not the true author of the plays produced within his lifetime, one theory in particular seems to hold the most concrete evidence. The authorship theory about Edward de Vere, Seventeenth Earl of Oxford seems to have the most historical evidence proving that he is the wri ter of the plays and sonnets under the pseudonym William ShakespeareRead More Doubt Of Shakespeares Authorship Of His Plays Essay2378 Words   |  10 PagesHis Plays Over the years, various persons have expressed doubt as to the authorship of William Shakespeare. These doubts are as old as his plays. American author, Henry James once said, quot;I am haunted by the conviction that the divine William is the biggest and the most successful fraud ever practiced on a patient world. (Hoffman 27) On the other hand, author Calvin Hoffman was convinced that Shakespeare was quot;the author of the most magnificent English dramatic prose and poetry ever written

Consumption Of Beverages By Children Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The ingestion of drinks by kids has changed in the types and measures ( Marshall et.al, 2003 ) , in such a manner that milk and H2O consumptions have decreased and fruit juices and carbonated soft drinks have increased ( Heller et.al, 1999, cited by Sohn et. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumption Of Beverages By Children Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now al 2006 ) . This alteration is of the involvement of the public wellness concern because it is may be associated to both general wellness diseases e.g. fleshiness and diabetes ( Marshall, 2003 ) , and unwritten wellness diseases e.g. dental cavities and dental eroding ( Tahmassebi e.t.al, 2006 ) . Sugar ingestion has besides increased in developing states ( Ismail et al. , 1997 ) ; this is besides applied to carbonated soft drinks ingestion in the Sultanate as late reported ( WHO, 2005 ) . However, the effects of these forms of ingestion of soft drinks on dental cavities have non good studied ( Sohn et al, 2006 ) . Furthermore, it is described that the deductions of soft drinks on dental cavities is weak or non existing ( Froshee and Storey, 2004 ) . Main account for this is that fluoride exposure has weakened this relationship ( Karjalainen, 2007 ) . Consequently, some writers concluded that soft drinks are non serious menace to dental cavities, and the schemes to cut down dental cavities should be based on good unwritten hygiene and the usage of fluoridated toothpastes ( Froshee and Storey, 2004 ) . Although dental cavities is worsening in developed states, the state of affairs is non the same in developing states ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . Sultanate of Oman is a underdeveloped state, and the three national studies of the prevalence of dental cavities in schoolchildren in Oman are in consistent with this construct ( Alismaily et al. 1996 ; Alisamaily e.t.al, 1997, Alismaily et al, 2004 ) . And the prevalence is expected to increase in this state ( MOH, 2010 ) . The school preventative unwritten wellness programme didn A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t discourse the issue of high ingestion of carbonated soft drinks to increase the consciousness among the wellness attention workers in the school particularly the dental squad and the pupils. This is besides applied to the dietetic guidelines in Oman, although they recognised the issue of carbonated soft drinks but there are no guidelines to understate the effects of these drinks other than urging cut downing the ingestion of sugary drinks. Against this background to develop unwritten wellness publicity programmes to cut down dental cavities prevalence in this group of the population and related to soft drinks ingestion should be based on grounds based relationship between dental cavities and the ingestion of soft drinks. soft drinks and public wellness The addition in the ingestion of soft drinks raises the concern of public wellness as it may be related to both general wellness e.g. fleshiness, and unwritten wellness e.g. dental cavities and dental eroding. 1.1.1soft drinks and fleshiness The rate of fleshiness is associated with overconsumption of soft drinks ( Marshall et al, 2003 ) . This is because of the addition in energy consumption which is related to soft drink ingestion ( Guthrie and Morton, 2001cited by Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . Obesity is a chief public wellness involvement as it is linked to chronic disease e.g. cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type2, which are historically associated to old age but now are being seen often in kids and stripling ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . 1.1.2. Soft drinks and dental eroding Dental eroding is the loss of the difficult tissue of the tooth without engagement of bacteriums ( Barbour et al. , 2008 ) . The demineralization of enamel occurs when the PH falls below the critical value 5.5, thereby a drink or a nutrient of PH lower than 5.5 may do eroding ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . There is grounds of prevalence increasing of dental eroding in industerlised states, and this is related to increase in tendency of acidic drinks ingestion ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . 1.1.3 Soft drinks and dental cavities Dental cavities is the loss of tooth tissue mediated by bacteriums. It is a multifatorial disease, where the bacterium in unwritten pit ( streptococcus Mutans ) ferments the saccharides ( sucrose and fructose ) this produces acid which lowers unwritten PH below 5.5 and demineralises the tooth construction ( Marshall et al. , 2002 ) . Soft drinks are rendered cariogenic because they contain high sum of saccharose and fruit sugar, there are 10 spoons of these sugars in one 12 ounce can of sugary sodium carbonate ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . Another factor is its acidogenicity, most of these merchandises have PH below the threshold degree of 5.5, their PH in the scope of 2.5-3.5 ( Milosevic, 1997 cited by Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) , and this may do dental cavities and dental eroding ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . Although sugar is an aetiologic factor of dental cavities but the extent of its consequence is besides determined by other factors these are ; frequence and sum of consumption, exposure to fluoride either locally e.g. toothpaste, or consistently by H2O fluoridization, and besides the degree of bacteriums ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . In a systematic reappraisal by Burt and Pai to measure the association between sugar ingestion and cavities risk they found that two surveies out of 36 have strong relation between these two factors whereas the remainder either moderate or no association ( Burt and Pai, 2001 ) . And sing the association between soft drinks ingestion and dental cavities there is incompatibility in the consequences and the relation is less recognized ( Marshall, 2003 ) . This led some writers to urge that the scheme of dental cavities bar should be based on bettering unwritten hygiene than sugar limitation ( Gibson and Williams, 1999 ; Froshee and Storey, 2004 ) . The tendency of Soft drink ingestion in developed states and in Oman In USA there is an addition in the ingestion of soft drinks in schools in the last 30 old ages and there is a diminution in dairy ingestion ( Shenkin et al. , 2002 ) . A scope of 56 % -85 % of schoolchildren consume 1 soft drink daily at least ( commission on School Health, 2004 ) . In Oman the tendency of Soft drink ingestion is besides increasing. International Marketing Economic Service ( IMES ) reported that the ingestion of soft drinks in Oman has increased between 2001 and 2005, in 2005 the market was around US $ 87 million, and the most popular carbonated soft drink was Mountain Dew ( IMES Consulting, 2006 ) . Among school age kids, it was identified by Global School Survey ( GSHS ) in 2004 that 33.4 % of the Omani pupils drink carbonated soft drinks which are specifically Coke, Pepsi, and Mountain Dew two or more times per a twenty-four hours in the last 30 yearss. Actually this was one of the most alarming behaviours found in this questionnaire, and it recommended the execution of national scheme to better the school community A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s wellness ( WHO, 2005 ) . 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Entire ingestion 341.5 340.1 360.6 385.2 424.6 Volume growing 9.0 % -0.4 % 6.0 % 6.8 % 10.2 % Table1. Trend of soft drink ingestion in Oman. Source ( IMES, 2006 ) . The belongingss of carbonated soft drinks in Oman In a survey done by me in 2000 as an undergraduate pupil in the signifier of Summer Project the belongingss of common drinks in two metropoliss from two states ; Cork metropolis in Republic of Ireland and Jalaan metropolis in Sultanate of Oman related to dental wellness are analysed, and these are the PH and fluoride content ( DOHC, non mentioned ) . The PH and the fluoride content of the common carbonated soft drinks in jalaan metropolis from Oman are summarised in table2. Carbonated soft drinks Fluoride ( ppm ) pH Everves Club Soda 0.38 4.97 Royal Strawberry 0.49 3.36 Fairy 0.01 2.85 Kaliber 0.37 4.20 Miranda Apple 0.22 2.98 RC Cola 0.32 2.61 7 up 0.20 3.10 Fanta Orange 0.01 3.29 Miranda Orange 0.44 2.90 Coca Cola 0.01 2.77 Mountain Dew 0.27 2.55 Table.2. PH and fluoride degree of carbonated soft drinks in Jalaan metropolis ( beginning DOHC ) We can see these samples are representative of the hall state as there are merely three local manufacturers and one importer of carbonates in Oman and each manufacturer is for different trade names e.g. Cola and Pepsi trade names ( IMES confer withing, 2006 ) . The mean PH for the carbonated soft drinks was 3.23 which is below the critical value 5.5 as we mentioned earlier which render these drinks as potentially cariogenic and erosive. The mean fluoride degree was 0.25 ppm ; this is below the populace fluoridated H2O in Oman which is 0.5ppm ( Alismaily et al, 2004 ) . Unfortunately there is no information sing the ingestion of bottled H2O in schoolchildren, and if the form that carbonated soft drinks is replacing the usage of bottled H2O so the exposure to fluoride is less than the optimum preventative degree and this will increase the prevalence of dental cavities. The tendency of dental cavities Although there is an addition in the ingestion of soft drinks in developed states the prevalence of dental cavities is worsening in the last 30 old ages in these states, and it is increasing in developing states ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . This is attributed to the exposure of fluoride ( Karjalainen, 2007 ) . The tendency of dental cavities in Oman There were three national studies conducted in Oman to find the prevalence of dental cavities in three group school kids. The prevalence was 84.5 % in 6 old ages old kids ( Alisamaily e.t.al, 1997 ) , and it was 58 % in 12 old ages kids ( Alismaily e.t.al, 1996 ) . When the same cohort was examined three old ages subsequently the prevalence increased to 69 % ( Alismaily et al, 2004 ) . The Mean DMFT has risen from 1.5 to 3.2, and those who were cavities free fallen from 42 % to 27 % ( Alismaily et al, 2004 ) .Actually these figures are alarming if we put in our head that about 35.3 % of the Omani population are under 15 old ages of age ( MOH, 2008 ) so the prevalence of dental cavities is high in the tierce of the population. These studies besides expect the prevalence is on the rise ( MOH, 2010 ) . And since the 2nd study there was a call for the development of preventative unwritten wellness plan ( Alisamaily e.t.al, 1997 ) . Although the tendency of the prevalence of dental cavities can be recognized in these three studies, the determiners of dental cavities in these age groups e.g. the dietetic wonts of sugar consumption are non determined yet there is an addition of ingestion of carbonated soft drinks. These factors are of import to develop a preventative scheme for dental cavities. The consequence of dental cavities on quality of life One of the most common chronic diseases in kids is dental cavities and it can impact school attending ( Marshall et al, 2003 ) . In all over the universe, kids with dental cavities might acquire apprehensiveness from others because of their visual aspect, anxiousness and hurting, malnutrition because eating diet with low fruit, and early loss of the tooth ( Moynihan and Petersen, 2004 ) . For these grounds it is of import to cut down the prevalence of dental diseases in Oman as it is besides a preventable disease. The current dietetic guidelines in Oman sing dental cavities and soft drinks The hazard factors presented in the dietetic guidelines which are associated with dental cavities are the sum and frequence of free sugar consumption and undernutrition, and those which are associated with cut downing dental cavities are fluoride exposure, difficult cheese and masticating gum ( MOH, non mentioned ) . Actually these factors are taken from WHO study of Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic diseases on 2003 ( WHO,2003 ) , nevertheless carbonated soft drinks are non specifically associated with dental cavities in the guideline nor even the best ways to cut down its effects have been discussed ( MOH, non mentioned ) . Furthermore the Manual Guidelines for Preventive School Oral Health Programme which was developed in 2005 in Oman didn A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t discourse the issue of soft drinks and its impact on dental wellness, and this including besides the unwritten wellness instruction programme in schools ( MOH, 2005 ) . The purpose Review the association between the ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and dental cavities experience among schoolchildren. Develop unwritten wellness recommendations related to soft drinks ingestion for kids ( in schools ) in Sultanate of Oman. The aims Conduct a literature reappraisal to measure the relationship between ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and dental cavities experience among schoolchildren. And finding the factors that minimise or cut down the cariogenic consequence of carbonated soft drinks. Review the grounds base on the bing wellness publicity recommendations for carbonated soft drink ingestion among schoolchildren. Make recommendations for the ingestion of soft drinks by schoolchildren in Oman. How to cite Consumption Of Beverages By Children Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Law of Agency for Fiduciary Relationship- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLaw of Agency for Fiduciary Relationship. Answer: Law of Agency is a special kind of contract where the agreement between principal and agent are legally binding. In an agency agreement, the principal is the primary authority who confers powers on the agent to make contracts on his behalf with a third party (Beaupert, Steele Gooding, 2017) . In general cases of contract, there is an agreement which is a pre-requisite for entering into a contract but in cases of agency, there might be an exception of an absence of an agreement. Agency contracts are lawful even when there is no lawful agreement between the parties. Again, in cases of general contract, there is a consideration without which contracts are void ab initio but in cases of agency, there is no requirement of consideration and agency contracts can be non-gratuitous, that is, without any consideration. A contract should have a minimum of two parties but since agency contract is a special kind of contract, it has three parties-the principal, the agent and the third party. Thou gh the agent works under the authority of the principal, in cases of any liability, it always arises between the principal and the third party and never between the agent and the third party. Undisclosed principle is the when a relationship exists between the principal and the third party even when the agent has not disclosed the relationship of agency that exists between the agent and the principal (Garcia, Rodriguez Fdez, 2015). Doctrine of election happens when the third party has the right to choose from whom to demand performance. Siu Yin Kwan v Eastern Insurance Co Ltd[1994] 2 AC 199 ahs laid down the principle that when the third party believes that the agent is acting on his behalf and based on a particular skill has demanded a particular job, the third party will demand that performance from the agent and not the principal. Under the Law of Agency, the duty of the agent is to follow the principals directors and strictly adhere to them. In cases of breach of fiduciary relationship by the agent, he is liable to the principal because it is his duty to act in good faith and exercise skill and judgment, as has been laid down in the case of Watteau v Fernwick. Therefore, the duty of the agent is to strictly adhere to the instructions of the principal. Ostensible authority is when by implied conduct of the party, the 3rd party is made to believe that there exists a relationship of agency between the agent and the principal and the agent is working under the authority of the principal. Freeman Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties[1964] 1 All ER 630, it was held that when the 3rd aprty believes that agent has an authority to deal with him, the principal is stopped from denying his authority. Ostensible authority is an exception to the termination clause of agency. It was also held that, the key to fixing liabili ty to the principal is to see if the principal has done anything that gave the 3rd party the notion that the agent was acting under the authority of the principal. Application Under the laws of agency, Terrence is the principal and Sara is the agent who works under his authority. Applying the rule of Undisclosed principle, Sara did not notify Gabby that she was working under the authority of Terrence and had taken the order. Gabby was unaware of the agency relationship that was existing between Terrence and Sara. Gabby has the power to elect who will perform the duty in the present case (Stout Blair, 2017). Terrence instructs Peter to buy silver and not gold but Peter does not fulfil his fiduciary duties that exist under agency law and breaches the contract. Unhappy with the defiance of Peter, Terrence fires him but keeps his business email active from where Peter makes a deal with Gordon. Applying the rule of ostensible authority, Gordon thought that Peter was still an agent of Terrence and that he was dealing with Terrence. Conclusion Gabby can elect who she wants to design the elephant brooch for her and Sara has not breached any contract. Peter is bound by fiduciary relation to follow the instructions of Terrence and there he is liable for breach of contract. Terrence has to pay Gordon because by keeping the business email of Peter active, he has given the impression to Gordon that the agency relationship between Terrence and Peter exists and that Gordon is dealing with Peter. Issue The present case deals with the laws of company incorporation and business ethics. The concerned parties are the shareholders of a company and the issue is whether the failure to pay an amount of 2000000 will lead to a breach of contract. Another issue pursuant to the present case is regarding the Commonwealth legislations authorities regarding cancelling the application of license for explosives manufacturing. Law Initially, when the commonwealth had the power to legislate in matters regarding to companies by virtue of section 51(xx) of the Constitution, it only had jurisdiction of New South Wales and the power only was limited to the incorporation in New South Wales and not the whole of Australia (Hannigan, 2015). Australia follows common law principles and the laws of the United Kingdom and therefore the laws followed are those of the United Kingdom. The Commonwealth is enabled to make laws under the Corporations Act, 2001 and that there is a national Companies Act that governs all business laws in Australia. All corporations in Australia are regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments (Commission) and the ASIC is governed by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 1989. The ASIC has various roles to play and it acts as the guardian of the company protecting the rights of the shareholders, directors and investors (Coffee, Sale Henderson , 2015). The ASIC has both criminal and civil jurisdictions and also has the power to fix damages in cases of breach of contract. the ASIC can attach pecuniary penalty in cases of a company breaching the principles of the Corporations Act. Under S. 1311, if a company fails to do anything which a company should do in the regular course of its business, penalty is attached for breach. The penalty is imposed by the company under section 1317 of the Corporations Act. In cases of contravention of the principles of the company as under Section 1317L, the company can recover the same by compensation through the provisions of section 1317G. A company can be made liable as a natural person under the Corporations Act after its incorporations (McQueen, 2016). 50 of the ASIC Act help to protect the rights of the shareholders and acts as a shield against malfeasant directors. Corporate veil as a concept applies when a company under the veil of a company acts in unlawful ways. In the case of Solomon v Solomon Co Ltd[1897] AC 22, it was held that the company was separate from its shareholders and that in case a company intends to defraud, the company will be held liable (Chen, Ramsay Welsh, 2016). The Commonwealth legislation gives power to the ASIC to reject the application for license of any company if it has any criminal record. In case, the director or the shareholder of the company has any conviction record, the Corporations Act, 2001 has enough power to cancel the license. By virtue of section 206B of the Corporations Act, license shall not be granted to a company that has a past criminal record. Criminal record in the past will lead to automatic disqualification. Application In the current case, the facts point towards a breach of contract by Roger, who owns 92 shares in his company and is the owner of the same. By way of written agreement, a contract was signed between United Chemicals Ltd and Industrial Machines by way of which it was agreed that an amount of $6000000 will be paid in three instalments in three consecutive years, that is 2015, 2016 and 2017. Owing to the downfall in the business Roger, could not pay the last instalment and as a result he was sued. A contract was entered into between the parties and there has been a breach of that agreement due to the failure to pay the sum. A contract is binding and in cases of failure to pay, the director has to pay damages. A shareholder shall exercise due diligence while exercising his duties and in cases of grave breach, he shall be made liable. The Commonwealth legislations state that anyone with criminal record shall not be given a license for manufacture of explosives. Roger was convicted of theft in the year 2005 and has a criminal conviction report and therefore he was not allowed by the Commonwealth Department of Industry to set up the explosives factory. A high degree of care and duty is put on the ASIC to ensure the safety of the workers and the prime reason behind not granting license to explosive manufacturing factories because the ASIC is duty bound to ensure that the workers and the citizens are safe. In this case, Roger having a criminal record has not been allowed to set up the factory as he was convicted in the year 2005. Under the powers of the Parliament, the ASIC has huge powers to ensure that a company does not indulge in nefarious activities. In case of a company trying to breach the conditions as laid down in the Corporations Act, the ASIC can attach criminal liabilities and fix liabilities for damages. Therefore, combining the two activities of Roger, it can be said that the ASIC has the power to exercise its powers to ensure the rights of the debtors against the unlawful activities of the shareholders. In case of breach of contract, the ASIC can fix liabilities and attach pecuniary relief to the affected debtors. The ASIC under the commonwealth laws have powers to give license to a company as well as cancel applications for license in cases there is a previous mandate that prohibits a company from being incorporated. Conclusion Roger has breached the written contract and therefore is liable for breach of contract. Roger has failed to make the payment of $2000000 and is therefore liable to the debtors. Owing to the Commonwealth legislations, Department of Industry is justified in rejecting the License for the manufacture of explosives. References Beaupert, F., Steele, L., Gooding, P. (2017). Introduction to disability, rights and law reform in Australia: Pushing beyond legal futures.Law in Context,35(2), 1. Chen, V., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. (2016). Corporate law reform in Australia: An analysis of the influence of ownership structures and corporate failure. Coffee Jr, J. C., Sale, H., Henderson, M. T. (2015). Securities regulation: Cases and materials. Garca, J. A., Rodriguez?Snchez, R., Fdez?Valdivia, J. (2015). The principal?agent problem in peer review.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,66(2), 297-308. Hannigan, B. (2015).Company law. Oxford University Press, USA. Hanson, T. (2016). AUSTRALIA MUST RESPOND TO CHINA'S'LITTLE GREEN FISHERMEN'. Ausmarine, 38(7), 23. McQueen, R. (2016).A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920. Routledge. Stout, L. A., Blair, M. M. (2017). A team production theory of corporate law. InCorporate Governance(pp. 169-250). Gower.